Principles of Management Revision/Review Articles - List
Today I came across the reference that the first textbook on management was a book by J. Duncan published in 1911.
Google search revealed that the book is available on Archive.org.
https://archive.org/stream/cu31924002748543/cu31924002748543_djvu.txt
JOHN C. DUNCAN, M.S., Ph.D.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ACCOUNTANCY,
UNIVERSITV OF ILLINOIS.
NEW YORK AND LONDON
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
Copyright, 1911, by
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
Printed in the United States of America
From the contents one can see that even now, the topics identified at that point in time are being used in Industrial Management books now.
CONTENTS
PART I.— THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEMS
PAGES
Introduction — Factors Affecting Prosperity of Plant — Economic Environment — Manufacturing and Distributive Policy — Organization and Management — Problems of Business Management: (1) Location of Plant; (2) Integration and Concentration of Business ; (3) Specialization; (4) Building; (5) Power; (6) Management; (7) Selling 3-4
CHAPTER II
GENERAL THEORY OF INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
Survey of Concentration and Localization of Industries — Reasons for Localization — Census Classification : (1) Materials; (2) Market; (3) Water Power; (4) Climate; (5) Labor Supply ; (6) Free Capital ; (7) Early Start- Four Primary Reasons for Localization : (1) Market ; (2) Raw Materials ; (3) Labor ; (4) Power — Importance of Latter Factors 5-23
CHAPTER III
THEORY OF PLANT LOCATION
Factors Other than the Ideal Industrial District Affecting Success of Plant — Location, Layout, Equipment — Location with Respect to Selling, Buying, Manufacturing — Importance of Nearness to Labor Population, Repair Shops, Banking and Credit — Considerations Affecting Building of Plant : (1) Special Needs of Industry ; (2) Space for Expansion; (3) Low Rent and Taxes; (4)
Freedom from Restrictive Ordinances; (5) Adequate Fire-Fighting Facilities 24-38
CHAPTER IV
THE IDEAL SITUATION
Country, City, and Suburban Plant Situations — Advantages and Disadvantages — Location of Plants Suited to Each Kind of Situation — Extra Inducements Offered: (1) Free Land; (2) Free Building; (3) Exemption from Taxation; (4) Stock Subscription; (5) Cash Bonus; (6) Miscellaneous Favors — General Rules for Location in Any Situation 39-48
CHAPTER V
BUSINESS CONCENTRATION AND INTEGRATION
Classes of Consolidations: (1) Integration of Process from Raw Material to Finished Product ; (2) Integration and Concentration of Factories ; (3) Integration and Concentration of Distributing Houses ; (4) Integration by By-Product Utilization ; (5) Integration and Concentration by Control of Patents and Market Ownership —Illustrations of Each Form of Consolidation Showing Types of Integration and Concentration Used — Determination of the Advisable Type of Consolidation. . 49-70
CHAPTER VI
BUSINESS SPECIALIZATION
Growth of Specialization — Reasons : (1) Reduction of Preliminary Cost ; (2) Use of Specialized Equipment ; (3) Simplification of Managerial Problems ; (4) Greater Value of Small Savings — Illustrations of Methods of Saving —The Interchangeable Part — Limitations to Specialization 71-80
PART II.— THE EQUIPMENT OF THE PLANT
Today I came across the reference that the first textbook on management was a book by J. Duncan published in 1911.
Google search revealed that the book is available on Archive.org.
https://archive.org/stream/cu31924002748543/cu31924002748543_djvu.txt
THE PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
BYJOHN C. DUNCAN, M.S., Ph.D.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ACCOUNTANCY,
UNIVERSITV OF ILLINOIS.
NEW YORK AND LONDON
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
Copyright, 1911, by
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
Printed in the United States of America
From the contents one can see that even now, the topics identified at that point in time are being used in Industrial Management books now.
CONTENTS
PART I.— THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEMS
PAGES
Introduction — Factors Affecting Prosperity of Plant — Economic Environment — Manufacturing and Distributive Policy — Organization and Management — Problems of Business Management: (1) Location of Plant; (2) Integration and Concentration of Business ; (3) Specialization; (4) Building; (5) Power; (6) Management; (7) Selling 3-4
CHAPTER II
GENERAL THEORY OF INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
Survey of Concentration and Localization of Industries — Reasons for Localization — Census Classification : (1) Materials; (2) Market; (3) Water Power; (4) Climate; (5) Labor Supply ; (6) Free Capital ; (7) Early Start- Four Primary Reasons for Localization : (1) Market ; (2) Raw Materials ; (3) Labor ; (4) Power — Importance of Latter Factors 5-23
CHAPTER III
THEORY OF PLANT LOCATION
Factors Other than the Ideal Industrial District Affecting Success of Plant — Location, Layout, Equipment — Location with Respect to Selling, Buying, Manufacturing — Importance of Nearness to Labor Population, Repair Shops, Banking and Credit — Considerations Affecting Building of Plant : (1) Special Needs of Industry ; (2) Space for Expansion; (3) Low Rent and Taxes; (4)
Freedom from Restrictive Ordinances; (5) Adequate Fire-Fighting Facilities 24-38
CHAPTER IV
THE IDEAL SITUATION
Country, City, and Suburban Plant Situations — Advantages and Disadvantages — Location of Plants Suited to Each Kind of Situation — Extra Inducements Offered: (1) Free Land; (2) Free Building; (3) Exemption from Taxation; (4) Stock Subscription; (5) Cash Bonus; (6) Miscellaneous Favors — General Rules for Location in Any Situation 39-48
CHAPTER V
BUSINESS CONCENTRATION AND INTEGRATION
Classes of Consolidations: (1) Integration of Process from Raw Material to Finished Product ; (2) Integration and Concentration of Factories ; (3) Integration and Concentration of Distributing Houses ; (4) Integration by By-Product Utilization ; (5) Integration and Concentration by Control of Patents and Market Ownership —Illustrations of Each Form of Consolidation Showing Types of Integration and Concentration Used — Determination of the Advisable Type of Consolidation. . 49-70
CHAPTER VI
BUSINESS SPECIALIZATION
Growth of Specialization — Reasons : (1) Reduction of Preliminary Cost ; (2) Use of Specialized Equipment ; (3) Simplification of Managerial Problems ; (4) Greater Value of Small Savings — Illustrations of Methods of Saving —The Interchangeable Part — Limitations to Specialization 71-80
PART II.— THE EQUIPMENT OF THE PLANT
CHAPTER VII CONTINUOUS INDUSTRIES, SYNTHETICAL
Determination of the Type of Plant — Two Kinds of Manufacturing : (1) Continuous ; (2) Assembling — Classes of Continuous Industries : (1) Synthetical ; (2) Analytical
—^A Continuous Synthetical Industry of Non-By-Product Type — Effect upon Plant Structure — A Continuous Industry of By-Product Type — Effect upon Plant Structure 81-100
CHAPTER VIII
CONTINUOUS INDUSTRIES, ANALYTICAL
Utilization of Cheap Conveying Apparatus by Analytical Industries — Two Types of Analytical Industries, Non-By-Product and By-Product — Non-By-Product Industry, Sugar Refining — Characteristics of a Sugar-Refining Building — Utilization of Gravity — Conveying Apparatus
in Flour Milling — By-Product Analytical Industry, Meat Packing — Steps of the Process — Ideal Layout for a Packing House. . 101-114
CHAPTER IX
ASSEMBLING INDUSTRIES
Two Groups of Assembling Industries: (1) Direct Producing; (2) Indirect Producing — Characteristics of Assembling Industries— Two Questions in Assembling Plant Layout: (1) The Arrangement of Departments; (2) The Building of the Plant— Direct Producing Industry: Shoe Manufacturing— Ideal Layout— Indirect Industry : Ship Building— Type of Machinery and Equipment Needed — Ideal Layout for a Machine Shop and Foundry— Ideal Layout for a Ship Building Establishment 115-134
CHAPTER X
FIRE PRECAUTION, AND ITS EFFECT ON LAYOUT AND STRUCTURE
The Ideal Plant— Large Changes in Plant Layouts Necessitated by Fire Precautions : (1) In Oil Refineries ; (2) In Gas Works— Causes of Fire: (1) Common Hazards; (2) Special Hazards— Fire Protective Devices : (1) Preventives of Fire; (a) Slow-Burning and Fire-Proof
Structures; (2) Fire Extinguishers: (a) Automatic Sprinklers, (b) Fire Hose, (c) Fire Buckets, (d) Chemical Extinguishers, (e) Hand Buckets ; (3) Fire Alarms : (a) The Watchman and the Time-Recorder, (b) Thermostats — Outside Fire Protection: (1) Water Curtains; (2) Fire Hydrants ; (3) Fire Alarms ; (4) Fire Engines — Safety Devices for the Protection of Life: (1) Fire Escapes ; (2) Fire Drills 135-152
CHAPTER XI
THE BUILDING AND THE WORKERS
Five Essentials to Comfort: (1) Light; (2) Heat; (3) Ventilation ; (4) Space ;
(5) Conveniences — Lighting : (1) Skylight ; (2) Windows ; (3) Saw-Tooth Lights ; (4) Artificial Light; (5) Elimination of Shadows —
Heating: (1) Hot Air ; (2) Hot Water ; (3) Steam ; (4) Combination of Hot Air and Steam —
Humidifiers — Schemes for Ventilation —
Importance of Sufficient Space — Toilet and Wash Rooms. . 153-162
CHAPTER XII
THE POWER PROBLEM
Water Power — Advantages of Purchased Power — Other Forms of Power — Direct Combustion and Indirect Combustion Engines — ^The Gas Engine — Two Types of Steam Engine : (1) Turbine ; (2) Reciprocating — Economies in a Steel Plant:
CHAPTER XII
THE POWER PROBLEM
Water Power — Advantages of Purchased Power — Other Forms of Power — Direct Combustion and Indirect Combustion Engines — ^The Gas Engine — Two Types of Steam Engine : (1) Turbine ; (2) Reciprocating — Economies in a Steel Plant:
(1) Making Water Suitable for Steam ; (2) Increasing Boiler Efficiency ; (3) Increasing Engine Efficiency — Comparison of Boiler Compounds with Water Softeners— Economizers and Superheaters — The Automatic Stoker— The Condenser—
Kinds of Power Transmission: (1) Steam; (2) Belt; (3) Rope Drive; (4) Electrical ; (5) Air Pressure 163-180
PART III.— ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER XIII
THE THREE TYPES OP ORGANIZATION
Duties of the Ideal Manager — Three Types of Management : (1) Military; (2) Functional; (3) Departmental— Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type. . . 181-195
CHAPTER XIV
THE LABOR FORCE
Three Kinds of Laborers : (1) Men ; (2) Women ; (3) Chil-
dren — Male and Female Labor Compared — Children as
Employees — Classes of Labor from Standpoint of Edu-
cation and Training — Apprenticeship Systems — Baldwin
Locomotive Works — Westinghouse Manufacturing Co. —
Advantage in Training Apprentices 196-213
CHAPTER XV
THE PAYMENT "OF THE WORKMAN
Obtaining the Maximum Product — Systems of Wage Pay-
ment: (1) Time; (2) Piece; (3) Gain Sharing; (4)
Premium ; (5) Halsey and Rowan Modifications ; (6)
Differential Piece Rate; (7) Emerson; (8) Bonus — Dan-
ger of Cheap Labor 214-232
CHAPTER XVI
RECORD OF THE WORKERS
Necessity of Accurate Records — Work of the Labor Bureau :
(1) Selection of Employees ; (2) Record of Their Status
—Necessity of Considering an Employee's Health, Age,
Education, and Experience — Sources of Information —
The Form Letter — Qualifications of a Good Employee:
(1) Regular Attendance ; (2) Diligence ; (3) Efficiency—
Time-Recording Systems : (1) Inboard, Outboard Check ;
(2) Drop Box Check ; (3) Call Number ; (4) Distribution
Check ; (5) Recording Clock— Proof of Each System's
Accuracy— Record of Spoiled Work 233-261
CHAPTER XVII
RECORD OF RAW MATERIALS
Direct and Indirect Materials — Care of Raw Materials : (1)
Prevention of Waste and Losses on Direct Material ; (2)
Prevention of Undue Expenditures for Indirect Material
— Consideration in Development of the Greatest Econ-
omy: (1) Market; (2) Quality; (3) Quantity; (4)
Delivery ; (5) Housing ; (6) Waste ; (7) Losses — Depart-
ments: (1) Purchasing; (2) Testing; (3) Receiving and
Store-room — The Perpetual Inventory — Arrangement of
Stock — Prevention of Waste and Loss — Requisition
Scheme— The Budget System 262-280
CHAPTER XVIII
RECORD OF FINISHED AND UNFINISHED GOODS
Necessity for Record of Unfinished Goods — Two Kinds of
Manufacturing: (1) For General Stock; (2) For Specific
Contract — ^Accurate Records of Partly Finished Goods —
The Production Order — The Summary Cost Sheet — Rela-
tion to the Production Order 281-293
CHAPTER XIX
RECORD OF EQUIPMENT
Divisions of Equipment : (1) Tools ; (2) Patterns ; (3) Draw-
ings and Plans ; (4) Power Machinery — Arrangement
arid Classification of Tools — Record of Patterns — Record
of Drawings — Dewey Decimal System — Record of Ma-
chines — Types of Recording Instruments — A Machine
Inventory for Fire Purposes 294-316
Index 317
CHAPTER I discusses the factors to be discussed in industrial management
The prosperity of an enterprise depends in general upon four factors :
1. The economic environment.
2. The equipment of the plant.
3. The organization and management of the plant.
4. The selling department.
The economic environment provides convenient situations which make possible the cheap production and profitable disposal of the good.
The equipment of the plant provides shelter for the employees and the tools, and also supplies mechanical means by which the raw materials can be changed into salable products.
On the organization and management of the plant depend the owners' ability to utilize to the best advantage their raw materials and the time of the men they employ.
The selling department makes an outlet for the goods.
The successful running of a concern resolves itself into ten problems :
1. Where shall the plant be located?
2. To what extent shall the business be integrated and concentrated?
3. To what extent shall the enterprise be specialized?
4. How shall the plant be built?
5. What form of power shall be employed to run the plant?
6. What shall be the basis of its internal organization?
7. How shall the labor force be handled?
8. How shall the raw materials be treated?
9. How shall we determine the efficiency of our equipment?
10. How shall the goods be distributed to the consumer?
This volume will confine itself to the discussion of the industrial problems, hence it will consider only the first nine of the above questions.
The tenth is so important that it can be adequately handled only by making it the special
topic of another treatise.
We may say that the author considers the first three factors and related questions as forming industrial management. The fourth factor, sales is left for business management.
Principles of Management Revision/Review Articles - List
Updated on 7 May 2019, 19 January 2018
PART III.— ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER XIII
THE THREE TYPES OP ORGANIZATION
Duties of the Ideal Manager — Three Types of Management : (1) Military; (2) Functional; (3) Departmental— Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type. . . 181-195
CHAPTER XIV
THE LABOR FORCE
Three Kinds of Laborers : (1) Men ; (2) Women ; (3) Chil-
dren — Male and Female Labor Compared — Children as
Employees — Classes of Labor from Standpoint of Edu-
cation and Training — Apprenticeship Systems — Baldwin
Locomotive Works — Westinghouse Manufacturing Co. —
Advantage in Training Apprentices 196-213
CHAPTER XV
THE PAYMENT "OF THE WORKMAN
Obtaining the Maximum Product — Systems of Wage Pay-
ment: (1) Time; (2) Piece; (3) Gain Sharing; (4)
Premium ; (5) Halsey and Rowan Modifications ; (6)
Differential Piece Rate; (7) Emerson; (8) Bonus — Dan-
ger of Cheap Labor 214-232
CHAPTER XVI
RECORD OF THE WORKERS
Necessity of Accurate Records — Work of the Labor Bureau :
(1) Selection of Employees ; (2) Record of Their Status
—Necessity of Considering an Employee's Health, Age,
Education, and Experience — Sources of Information —
The Form Letter — Qualifications of a Good Employee:
(1) Regular Attendance ; (2) Diligence ; (3) Efficiency—
Time-Recording Systems : (1) Inboard, Outboard Check ;
(2) Drop Box Check ; (3) Call Number ; (4) Distribution
Check ; (5) Recording Clock— Proof of Each System's
Accuracy— Record of Spoiled Work 233-261
CHAPTER XVII
RECORD OF RAW MATERIALS
Direct and Indirect Materials — Care of Raw Materials : (1)
Prevention of Waste and Losses on Direct Material ; (2)
Prevention of Undue Expenditures for Indirect Material
— Consideration in Development of the Greatest Econ-
omy: (1) Market; (2) Quality; (3) Quantity; (4)
Delivery ; (5) Housing ; (6) Waste ; (7) Losses — Depart-
ments: (1) Purchasing; (2) Testing; (3) Receiving and
Store-room — The Perpetual Inventory — Arrangement of
Stock — Prevention of Waste and Loss — Requisition
Scheme— The Budget System 262-280
CHAPTER XVIII
RECORD OF FINISHED AND UNFINISHED GOODS
Necessity for Record of Unfinished Goods — Two Kinds of
Manufacturing: (1) For General Stock; (2) For Specific
Contract — ^Accurate Records of Partly Finished Goods —
The Production Order — The Summary Cost Sheet — Rela-
tion to the Production Order 281-293
CHAPTER XIX
RECORD OF EQUIPMENT
Divisions of Equipment : (1) Tools ; (2) Patterns ; (3) Draw-
ings and Plans ; (4) Power Machinery — Arrangement
arid Classification of Tools — Record of Patterns — Record
of Drawings — Dewey Decimal System — Record of Ma-
chines — Types of Recording Instruments — A Machine
Inventory for Fire Purposes 294-316
Index 317
Factors to be discussed in Industrial Management
CHAPTER I discusses the factors to be discussed in industrial management
The prosperity of an enterprise depends in general upon four factors :
1. The economic environment.
2. The equipment of the plant.
3. The organization and management of the plant.
4. The selling department.
The economic environment provides convenient situations which make possible the cheap production and profitable disposal of the good.
The equipment of the plant provides shelter for the employees and the tools, and also supplies mechanical means by which the raw materials can be changed into salable products.
On the organization and management of the plant depend the owners' ability to utilize to the best advantage their raw materials and the time of the men they employ.
The selling department makes an outlet for the goods.
The successful running of a concern resolves itself into ten problems :
1. Where shall the plant be located?
2. To what extent shall the business be integrated and concentrated?
3. To what extent shall the enterprise be specialized?
4. How shall the plant be built?
5. What form of power shall be employed to run the plant?
6. What shall be the basis of its internal organization?
7. How shall the labor force be handled?
8. How shall the raw materials be treated?
9. How shall we determine the efficiency of our equipment?
10. How shall the goods be distributed to the consumer?
This volume will confine itself to the discussion of the industrial problems, hence it will consider only the first nine of the above questions.
The tenth is so important that it can be adequately handled only by making it the special
topic of another treatise.
We may say that the author considers the first three factors and related questions as forming industrial management. The fourth factor, sales is left for business management.
Principles of Management Revision/Review Articles - List
Updated on 7 May 2019, 19 January 2018
New popular post on 6 May 2019 - 13 page views.
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