Chapter 10 Mastering Creative Problem Solving
from the book - Lifelong Creativity: An Unending Quest by Pradip N. Khandwalla
Models of Creative Problem Solving
Stages Models
Graham Walls
William Kirkwood
Simulation Models
Heuristic is mentioned in this model.
Some heuristics that mind uses are: try something counter-intuitive, make the familiar strange, generate hypothesis from an episode or a case, use analogies, account for exceptions, investigate paradoxical incidents, play with ideas, etc.
'Primary Process' Thinking Models
Ernst Kris
In the primary process thinking many fluid contributions or syntheses take place as during reveries. Analytical or evaluative activity takes during 'secondary process thinking.
Personality Trait and Emotion-Based Models
Albert Rothenberg
Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory
Martinsen
Todd Lubart and Isaac Geetz - Emotions play central role
David Carson and Mark Runco - Certain emotions negatively impact creativity
Cognitive Capabilities Models
Michael Mumford - Creating super categories given some categories
Example: Given chair, couch, lamp and pictures coming out with a super category of furnishings.
Structured Problem-Solving Models
Kepner and Tregoe's Model
Sidney Parnes and Associates
Problem Solving Programme - Five Stages
1. Awareness of the 'mess' or problem situation
2. Fact finding, involving listing down or otherwise discovering all the facts pertinent to the problem situation.
3. Problem finding or fairly precise statement of what the problem is.
4. Idea finding, in which such techniques of divergent thinking as brainstorming are used to come up with a wide range of possible solutions.
5. Solution finding, in which the alternative proposed solution ideas are assessed against criteria of evaluation to generate a small number of feasible solutions.
6. Acceptance finding, or getting system to accept one of the feasible solutions.
7. Implementation of the selected solution, involving thinking through and planning the steps needed to implement the chosen solution
Dennis Brophy
Runco
Useful Mechanisms of Convergent Thinking
Clarificatory Mechanisms
Analytical Mechanisms
Synthesis Aiding Mechanism
Optimizing Mechanisms
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