Showing posts with label Leadership. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Leadership. Show all posts

May 1, 2026

Leadership Skills - Developing Leaders

Summary of Chapter of Fred Luthans, 12th Edition.


One list of suggested leadership skills  includes the following:

1. Cultural flexibility. In international assignments this skill refers to cultural awareness and sensitivity. In domestic organizations the skill can be managing diversity. Leaders must have the skills not only to manage but also to recognize and celebrate the value of diversity in their organizations.

2. Communication skills. Effective leaders must be able to communicate—in written form, orally, and nonverbally.

3. HRD skills. Leaders must have human resource development (HRD) skills of developing a learning climate, designing and conducting training programs, transmitting information and experience, assessing results, providing career counseling, creating organizational change, and adapting learning materials.

4. Creativity. Problem solving, innovation, and creativity provide the competitive advantage in today’s global marketplace. Leaders must possess the skills to not only be creative themselves but also provide a climate that encourages creativity and assists their people to be creative.

5. Self-management of learning. This skill refers to the need for continuous learning of new knowledge and skills. In this time of dramatic change, leaders must be self-learners. They cannot expect others in their group  to help them to learn.

This list is as good as any other. However, as an academic analysis, Whetten and Cameron provide a more empirical derivation of effective leadership skills. On the basis of an interview study of more than 400 highly effective managers, they identified 10 skills mentioned by many. 

1. Verbal communication (including listening)

2. Managing time and stress

3. Managing individual decisions

4. Recognizing, defining, and solving problems

5. Motivating and influencing others

6. Delegating

7. Setting goals and articulating a vision

8. Self-awareness

9. Team building

10. Managing conflict


Statistical techniques identified the following four categories of effective leadership skills from the skills listed by managers:

1. Participative and human relations (for example, supportive communication and team building)

2. Competitiveness and control (for example, assertiveness, power, and influence)

3. Innovativeness and entrepreneurship (for example, creative problem solving)

4. Maintaining order and rationality (for example, managing time and rational decision making)

Whetten and Cameron note three characteristics:

1. The skills are behavioral. They are not traits or, importantly, styles. They consist of an identifiable set of actions that leaders perform and that result in certain outcomes.

2. The skills, in several cases, seem contradictory or paradoxical. For example, they are neither all soft- nor all hard-driving, oriented neither toward teamwork and interpersonal relations exclusively nor toward individualism and entrepreneurship exclusively.

3. The skills are interrelated and overlapping. Effective leaders do not perform one skill or one set of skills independent of others. In other words, effective leaders are multiskilled.

The personal skills of developing self-awareness, managing stress, and solving problems creatively overlap with one another, and so do the interpersonal skills of communicating supportively, gaining power and influence, motivating others, and managing conflict. 

Leadership skills development through career development have become more critical than ever.

Organizational behavior and human resource experts are now being asked to identify methods to train and develop leaders.  Zand suggests that the three primary areas to be developed are knowledge, trust, and power, which he refers to as the “leadership triad.” (Dale E. Zand, The Leadership Triad, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997).

A recent panel of leadership experts agreed that leadership can be taught and learned.

About 30 percent of both male and female leader emergence can be attributed to heritability. Thus 70 pcerent of one’s leadership is open to experience, learning, and development. In other words, the research evidence on whether leaders are born versus made greatly favors that they are made, developed. Management/leadership education is certainly based on the preponderance of the role of development since about two-thirds of the 50 top-ranked business schools offer leadership courses and they also offer leadership courses to executives as part of their management development programs.

About Leadership Programs

Some believe an entire new leadership development system should be used. Believing that most traditional leadership programs fail because they start with competencies and focus on individuals, one group of trainers recommends a different approach. They advocate beginning with business results and working back to abilities to be developed. In other words, it is more valuable to clarify the business purpose and desired outcomes first, and then move leader trainees toward methods of achieving these outcomes and in the process develop competencies.

Contemporary Leadership Development Approaches

One current  approach to leadership development is centered on competencies. In this approach, there are  competencies required have been derived from three ways: (1) research based, (2) strategy based, and (3) values based. Research-based competencies are from behavioral data gathered from successful leaders. Strategy-based competency models derive competencies from top manager informants regarding strategic company issues and directions. The values-based model focuses on the company’s cultural values, as interpreted by company leaders. 

Briscoe and Hall argue for a new approach, that advocates continuous learning that emphasizes flexibility in responses, and the individual leader is enabled to “learn how to learn” and therefore adapt to continually changing circumstances as found in today’s environment. Many competencies are  learned in this learning and knowledge-acquisition-based approach.

Avolio and Luthans’s promote authentic leadership approach, They emphasize that one’s life course of events plays a big role in authentic leadership development (ALD). Life’s  planned  “moments that matter” can be accelerated. Avolio and Luthans define ALD as:

The process that draws upon a leader’s life course, psychological capital, moral perspective, and a “highly developed” supporting organizational climate to produce greater self-awareness and self-regulated positive behaviors, which in turn fosters continuous, positive self-development resulting in veritable, sustained performance.

The ALD process can be proactively accelerated by starting with a desired end-point, enhanced self-awareness (both understanding your actual self and your potential best self) and self-regulation. A key to ALD is bringing the future to the present.

Another recently emerging method of leader development is coaching.  Tactics that support effective coaching include accessibility, attention, validation, empathy, support, compassion, and consistency. A supportive coach can reduce the loneliness of the CEO’s role by creating bonds that help the leader renew energy levels and provide new challenges. Also, effective coaches clarify boundaries and expectations for leaders, limiting leaders’ efforts to definable targets and time frames for learning. To obtain the greatest value from a coaching approach to leader development, some of the more important practices include a strategic focus for coaching efforts, integrating coaching into existing HR systems, building reliable “pools” of coaches, and systematically evaluating the results.


Other Indirect Techniques for Developing Leadership Effectiveness

Besides the leadership skill development programs, other more indirect techniques involving training, job design, and behavioral management can also be used. For example, leaders can undergo personal growth training that may involve a combination of psychological exercises and outdoor adventures. This approach is aimed at empowering participants to take greater responsibility for their own lives and ultimately their organizations.

The same goes for cross training and the newer “pay-for-knowledge” approaches that an increasing number of U.S. firms are beginning to implement.

Besides training, job redesign is another important technique leaders can use effectively. This approach attempts to manage the job rather than the extremely complex person who holds the job. From enriching the job by building in more responsibility, the more recent approach is to concentrate on the characteristics of identity, variety, significance, autonomy, and feedback identified by Hackman and his colleagues. 

There has been a stream of research to support the concept that when employees perceive these characteristics in their job, they do high-quality work. Leaders need to give special attention to the autonomy and feedback characteristics of their people’s jobs. Autonomy involves empowering their subordinates to make decisions and solve their own problems, in other words, giving them more control over their own job. Feedback can be built into some jobs, but leaders also must provide specific, immediate performance feedback to their people.

The behavioral management approach,  can also be effectively used by leaders to meet the challenges ahead. The organizational behavior modification (O.B. Mod.) techniques based on the principles of operant conditioning and social cognitive theory were shown  to have excellent results on human performance in organizations. It is important to note that O.B. Mod. interventions have used mainly nonfinancial rewards—feedback systems and contingent recognition/attention—in both manufacturing and service organizations.

Besides drawing from the established job design and behavioral management approaches, the search for effective leadership practices has recently gone to some unusual sources for leadership wisdom. Various books and case studies are made available to learn leadership lessons. Besides marketing books, these titles should remind researchers and practitioners of the wide variety of approaches to leadership development that have been underused or yet to be explored. One such example is the increasing use of so-called E-Tools that assist in leadership development online via the Internet.

For example, we  (authors of the book) were able to develop a broad cross-section of managers’/leaders’ positive psychological capital, which is an important dimension of authentic leadership, in a short online training intervention.

Leadership is clearly important in a wide variety of settings beyond business and industry.  There are also many similarities between the capabilities of effective business leaders and political leaders, including  the tendency to be a visionary with strong communications skills, even though there are also key differences. The question remains, however, as to whether or not one set of skills (business) can be readily adapted to the political world.


April 2026

Leadership and Management 


Leadership and management are both essential to organizational success, but they play distinct roles. While leadership focuses on setting a vision and inspiring teams, management centers on execution and delivering results. Harvard Business School Online explores the differences between the two.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru13cBJ_Kpk


https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/hbs-ideas-insights-2026-class-day-speaker-leadership-3wlue/



Ud. 2.5.20209

Pub. 20.5.2022

January 30, 2026

Vedic Management - Management Related Statements in RigVeda - Areas of Management

 

Vedic Management

by Dr. S. Kannan

Taxmann Publications 


The book is based on PhD Thesis of Dr. Kannan in "Sanskrit and Management" departments.

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39290

See the statements from 1903 - The statements are from Chapter 7.

Mantras quoted from Rigveda


Chapter 7. Vedas and Modern Business Management Practices


7.1 Financial management 

7.1.1 Profitability management 

7.1.2 Capital structure Planning 

7.1.2a Financial intermediaries 

7.1.3 Wealth 

7.1.3a Fair mode for wealth acquisition 

7.1.3b Wealth maximization 

7.1.3c Multi-Sources of wealth 

7.1.3d Enjoyer of wealth 

7.1.3e Social distribution of wealth 

7.1.3f Conservation of wealth 

7.1.3g Poverty 


7.2 Knowledge management 

7.2.1 Knowledge acquisition 

7.2.2 Knowledge propagation 

7.2.3 Vidya (Knowledge) 

7.2.4 Avidya (Ignorance) 

7.2.5 Vijñanam (Wisdom) 


7.3 Human Resource Management 

7.3.1 Employee remuneration 

7.3.2 Equal remuneration 

7.3.3 Personality management 

7.3.3a  Annamaya or physical personality 

7.3.3b Pranamaya or energetic personality 

7.3.3c Manomaya or emotional personality 

7.3.3d Vijñanamaya or intellectual personality 

7.3.3e Anandamaya or creative personality

7.3.3f Vedic Personality pyramid 

7.3.4 Varna and management 

7.3.5 Asrama and management 

7.3.6 Labor welfare 

7.3.7 Succession management 


7.4 Relationship marketing 

7.5 Trade and commerce 

7.6 Social responsibilities 

7.6.1 Protection of poor 

7.6.2 Absence of profiteering 

7.6.3 Protection of interests of workers 

7.6.4 Protection of interests of Farmers 

7.6.5 Protection of interests of animals 

7.6.6 Sponsorship 

7.6.7 Rejection of evil 

7.7 Time management 

7.8 Quality system 

7.9 Total Quality Management 

7.10 Benchmarking 

7.11 Kaizen 

7.12 Culture Management 

7.12.1 Cultural Practices 

7.12.2 Music 

7.12.3 Dance 

7.12.4 Sports 

7.12.5 Recreation 

7.12.6 Cultural diversity 


7.13 Value System and ethical practices 

7.14 Corporate Governance 

7.15 Globalization

7.16 Productivity management 

7.17 Competition management 

7.18 Change management 

7.19 Managing oneself 

7.20 Summary 


7.1 Financial management 

1906  v-55-10

Fortune, wealth, treasures and riches are solicited from celestials

यू॒यम॒स्मान्न॑यत॒ वस्यो॒ अच्छा॒ निरं॑ह॒तिभ्यो॑ मरुतो गृणा॒नाः। जु॒षध्वं॑ नो ह॒व्यदा॑तिं यजत्रा व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ॥१०॥

yūyam asmān nayata vasyo acchā nir aṁhatibhyo maruto gṛṇānāḥ | juṣadhvaṁ no havyadātiṁ yajatrā vayaṁ syāma patayo rayīṇām ||

यू॒यम्। अ॒स्मान्। न॒य॒त॒। वस्यः॑। अच्छ॑। निः। अं॒ह॒तिऽभ्यः॑। म॒रु॒तः॒। गृ॒णा॒नाः। जु॒षध्व॑म्। नः॒। ह॒व्यऽदा॑तिम्। य॒ज॒त्राः॒। व॒यम्। स्या॒म॒। पत॑यः। र॒यी॒णाम् ॥१०॥

हे (गृणानाः) स्तुति करते हुए (मरुतः) विद्वान् मनुष्यो ! (यूयम्) आप लोग (वस्यः) अति धन से युक्त (अस्मान्) हम लोगों की रक्षा कीजिये और (अंहतिभ्यः) मारते हैं जिनसे उन अस्त्रों से पृथक् (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार (निः, नयत) निरन्तर पहुँचाइये और (नः) हम लोगों की (जुषध्वम्) सेवा करिये। और हे (यजत्राः) मिलनेवाले जनो ! हम लोगों के लिये (हव्यदातिम्) देने योग्य दान को प्राप्त कराइये जिससे (वयम्) हम लोग (रयीणाम्) धनों के (पतयः) पालन करनेवाले (स्याम) होवें ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः -जिज्ञासुजन विद्वानों की प्रार्थना इस प्रकार करें कि आप लोग हम लोगों को दुष्ट आचरण से अलग करके धर्मयुक्त मार्ग को प्राप्त कराइये ॥१०॥ इस सूक्त में मरुत नाम से विद्वान् आदि के गुणों का वर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इस से पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ 

People with intellect and wisdom, please help us with ideas to protect our wealth, to become masters of wealth and to become capable of creating right goods that can be traded or given in charity.

It can be interpreted that God says it is good for society, if people with intellect and wisdom,  help wealth creators  with ideas (prayers or recitations) to protect the wealth, to become masters of wealth and to become capable of creating right goods that can be traded or given in charity.


1913  ii-27-17

Never be lacking in riches.

1921 vii-32-21

The Vedas caution that wealth does not come to the niggardly person.1921

न दु॑ष्टु॒ती मर्त्यो॑ विन्दते॒ वसु॒ न स्रेध॑न्तं र॒यिर्न॑शत्। सु॒शक्ति॒रिन्म॑घव॒न् तुभ्यं॒ माव॑ते दे॒ष्णं यत्पार्ये॑ दि॒वि ॥२१॥

na duḥṣṭutī martyo vindate vasu na sredhantaṁ rayir naśat | suśaktir in maghavan tubhyam māvate deṣṇaṁ yat pārye divi ||

न। दुः॒ऽस्तु॒ती। मर्त्यः॑। वि॒न्द॒ते॒। वसु॑। न। स्रेध॑न्तम्। र॒यिः। न॒श॒त्। सु॒ऽशक्तिः॑। इत्। म॒घ॒ऽव॒न्। तुभ्य॑म्। माऽव॑ते। दे॒ष्णम्। यत्। पार्ये॑। दि॒वि ॥

स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती

मनुष्य धन की प्राप्ति के लिये क्या-क्या कर्म करें, इस विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

 -हे (मघवन्) परमपूजित धनयुक्त ! जैसे (मर्त्यः) मनुष्य (दुष्टुती) दुष्ट प्रशंसा से (वसु) धन को (न) न (विन्दते) प्राप्त होता है (स्रेधन्तम्) और हिंसा करनेवाले मनुष्य को (रयिः) लक्ष्मी और (सुशक्तिः) सुन्दर शक्ति (इत्) ही (न) नहीं (नशत्) प्राप्त होती है इस प्रकार (मावते) मेरे समान (तुभ्यम्) तुम्हारे लिये (पार्ये) पालना वा पूर्णता करने के योग्य (दिवि) काम में (यत्) जो (देष्णम्) देने योग्य को न प्राप्त होता वह और को भी नहीं प्राप्त होता है ॥२१॥

भावार्थभाषाः -जो अधर्माचरण से युक्त दुष्ट, हिंसक मनुष्य हैं उनको धन, राज्य, और उत्तम सामर्थ्यं नहीं प्राप्त होता है, इससे सबको न्याय के आचरण से ही धन खोजना चाहिये ॥२१॥

The person who is careless, unjust and cruel will not become strong, rich and leader and even if gets them he will lose them. So people have to use proper moral and legal approaches to create wealth and grow it.

1922  x-31-2

Earn wealth through lawful path.

परि॑ चि॒न्मर्तो॒ द्रवि॑णं ममन्यादृ॒तस्य॑ प॒था नम॒सा वि॑वासेत् । उ॒त स्वेन॒ क्रतु॑ना॒ सं व॑देत॒ श्रेयां॑सं॒ दक्षं॒ मन॑सा जगृभ्यात् ॥

pari cin marto draviṇam mamanyād ṛtasya pathā namasā vivāset | uta svena kratunā saṁ vadeta śreyāṁsaṁ dakṣam manasā jagṛbhyāt ||


पद पाठ

परि॑ । चि॒त् । मर्तः॑ । द्रवि॑णम् । म॒म॒न्या॒त् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । प॒था । न॒म॒सा । वि॒वा॒से॒त् । उ॒त । स्वेन॑ । क्रतु॑ना । सम् । व॒दे॒त॒ । श्रेयां॑सम् । दक्ष॑म् । मन॑सा । ज॒गृ॒भ्या॒त् ॥ १०.३१.२


(मर्तः-द्रविणं परिचित्-ममन्यात्) मनुष्य ज्ञानधन की सब ओर से कामना करे (ऋतस्य पथा मनसा विवासेत्) अमृत अर्थात् मोक्ष के मार्ग से अपने अन्तःकरण अर्थात् श्रद्धा से उसे सेवन करे (उत स्वेन क्रतुना सं वदेत) और अपने प्रज्ञान से-चिन्तन से विचार करे (श्रेयांसं दक्षं मनसा जगृभ्यात्) श्रेष्ठ बल अर्थात् आत्मबल को मनोभाव से पकड़े ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः -ज्ञानधन जहाँ से भी मिले ले लेना चाहिये और उसका सबसे अधिक सदुपयोग मोक्षमार्ग में लगाना है। वह मानव का श्रेष्ठ बल है ॥२॥


7.1.1 Profitability management 

1923 x-34-13

Wealth has to be attained through genuine labor.

अ॒क्षैर्मा दी॑व्यः कृ॒षिमित्कृ॑षस्व वि॒त्ते र॑मस्व ब॒हु मन्य॑मानः । तत्र॒ गाव॑: कितव॒ तत्र॑ जा॒या तन्मे॒ वि च॑ष्टे सवि॒तायम॒र्यः ॥

akṣair mā dīvyaḥ kṛṣim it kṛṣasva vitte ramasva bahu manyamānaḥ | tatra gāvaḥ kitava tatra jāyā tan me vi caṣṭe savitāyam aryaḥ ||

अ॒क्षैः । मा । दी॒व्य॒ह् । कृ॒षिम् । इत् । कृ॒ष॒स्व॒ । वि॒त्ते । र॒म॒स्व॒ । ब॒हु । मन्य॑मानः । तत्त्र॑ । गावः॑ । कि॒त॒व॒ । तत्र॑ । जा॒या । तत् । मे॒ । वि । च॒ष्टे॒ । स॒वि॒ता । अ॒यम् । अ॒र्यः ॥ १०.३४.१३


(कितव) हे द्यूतव्यसनी ! (अक्षैः-मा दीव्यः) जुए के पाशों से मत खेल (कृषिम्-इत्-कृषस्व) कृषि को जोत-खेती कर-अन्न उपजा (वित्ते रमस्व) खेती से प्राप्त अन्न-धन-भोग से आनन्द ले (बहु मन्यमानः) अपने को धन्य मानता हुआ प्रसन्न रह, क्योंकि (तत्र गावः) उस कार्य में गौएँ सुरक्षित हैं-और रहेंगी (तत्र जाया) उसमें पत्नी सुरक्षित प्रसन्न व अनुकूल रहेगी (अयम्-अर्यः सविता तत्-मे वि चष्टे) यह उत्पादक जगदीश परमात्मा मुझ उपासक के लिये कहता है कि लोगों को ऐसा उपदेश दो ॥१३॥

जुए जैसे विषम व्यवहार एवं पाप की कमाई से बचकर स्वश्रम से उपार्जित कृषि से प्राप्त अन्न और भोग श्रेष्ठ हैं। इससे पारिवारिक व्यवस्था और पशुओं का लाभ भी मिलता है, परमात्मा भी अनुकूल सुखदायक बनता है ॥१३॥

God tells me (his disciples or upasaks) to go and tell people not to try to earn through game of dice. Food is to be produced in the field with own effort. Such effort helps cows to live, wife to live and she will be pleased with it.


7.1.2 Capital structure Planning 

1929 x-127-7

One shall be redeemed from debt.

उप॑ मा॒ पेपि॑श॒त्तम॑: कृ॒ष्णं व्य॑क्तमस्थित । उष॑ ऋ॒णेव॑ यातय ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

upa mā pepiśat tamaḥ kṛṣṇaṁ vyaktam asthita | uṣa ṛṇeva yātaya ||


पद पाठ

उप॑ । मा॒ । पेपि॑शत् । तमः॑ । कृ॒ष्णम् । विऽअ॑क्तम् । अ॒स्थि॒त॒ । उषः॑ । ऋ॒णाऽइ॑व । या॒त॒य॒ ॥ १०.१२७.७


(उषः) हे उषो वेले ! (कृष्णं तमः) घने अन्धकार को अपना रूप देती हुई (पेपिशत्) अत्यन्त चूर्ण कर दे (व्यक्तं मा-उप अस्थित) मुझे पूर्णरूप से उपस्थित होती है (ऋणा-इव यातय) ऋणों की भाँति दूर कर-उतार, रात्रि के अनन्तर उषा आया करती है, जो रात्रि के अन्धकार को मिटाती है ॥७॥

प्रभातवेला उषा जब आती है, रात्रि के अन्धकार को चूर्ण करती हुई आती है तथा हमारे मानस अन्धकार से ऋण की भाँति विमुक्त कराती है, ज्ञान जागृति देती है ॥७॥


1929a vi-61-1

Cancellation of debt is mentioned in the Vedas.

1930

The concept of equity share capital is indicated in the Vedas in the form of equal partnership through commonality. 

7.1.2a Financial intermediaries 

1931

The Vedas mention about dealers of wealth.

7.1.3 Wealth 

7.1.3a Fair mode for wealth acquisition 

1933 6-19-10

Wealth has to be won by deeds of glory.


नृ॒वत्त॑ इन्द्र॒ नृत॑माभिरू॒ती वं॑सी॒महि॑ वा॒मं श्रोम॑तेभिः। ईक्षे॒ हि वस्व॑ उ॒भय॑स्य राज॒न्धा रत्नं॒ महि॑ स्थू॒रं बृ॒हन्त॑म् ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

nṛvat ta indra nṛtamābhir ūtī vaṁsīmahi vāmaṁ śromatebhiḥ | īkṣe hi vasva ubhayasya rājan dhā ratnam mahi sthūram bṛhantam ||


पद पाठ

नृ॒ऽवत्। ते॒। इ॒न्द्र॒। नृऽत॑माभिः। ऊ॒ती। वं॒सी॒महि॑। वा॒मम्। श्रोम॑तेभिः। ईक्षे॑। हि। वस्वः॑। उ॒भय॑स्य। रा॒ज॒न्। धाः। रत्न॑म्। महि॑। स्थू॒रम्। बृ॒हन्त॑म् ॥


हे (इन्द्र) अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्य के देनेवाले (राजन्) विद्या और विनय से प्रकाशमान ! जैसे हम लोग (ते) आपके (नृतमाभिः) अति उत्तम मनुष्य विद्यमान जिनमें उन (ऊती) रक्षण आदिकों से (नृवत्) मनुष्यों के तुल्य (वामम्) प्रशंसा करने योग्य कर्म का (वंसीमहि) विभाग करें और (श्रोमतेभिः) सुनाने योग्य वचनों से (उभयस्य) दोनों राजा और प्रजा में वर्त्तमान (वस्वः) धन का मैं (ईक्षे) दर्शन करता हूँ, वैसे आप (बृहन्तम्) बड़े (महि) आदर करने योग्य (स्थूरम्) स्थिर (रत्नम्) सुन्दर धन को (हि) ही (धाः) धारण करिये ॥१०॥


इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। राजजनों तथा प्रजाजनों और राजा को चाहिये कि प्रशस्तों से प्रशंसित विद्या और बहुत धन की निरन्तर वृद्धि करें ॥१०॥


1934  10-31-2

A man who is desirous of wealth shall strive to win it by lawful path.


परि॑ चि॒न्मर्तो॒ द्रवि॑णं ममन्यादृ॒तस्य॑ प॒था नम॒सा वि॑वासेत् । उ॒त स्वेन॒ क्रतु॑ना॒ सं व॑देत॒ श्रेयां॑सं॒ दक्षं॒ मन॑सा जगृभ्यात् ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

pari cin marto draviṇam mamanyād ṛtasya pathā namasā vivāset | uta svena kratunā saṁ vadeta śreyāṁsaṁ dakṣam manasā jagṛbhyāt ||


पद पाठ

परि॑ । चि॒त् । मर्तः॑ । द्रवि॑णम् । म॒म॒न्या॒त् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । प॒था । न॒म॒सा । वि॒वा॒से॒त् । उ॒त । स्वेन॑ । क्रतु॑ना । सम् । व॒दे॒त॒ । श्रेयां॑सम् । दक्ष॑म् । मन॑सा । ज॒गृ॒भ्या॒त् ॥ १०.३१.२


(मर्तः-द्रविणं परिचित्-ममन्यात्) मनुष्य ज्ञानधन की सब ओर से कामना करे (ऋतस्य पथा मनसा विवासेत्) अमृत अर्थात् मोक्ष के मार्ग से अपने अन्तःकरण अर्थात् श्रद्धा से उसे सेवन करे (उत स्वेन क्रतुना सं वदेत) और अपने प्रज्ञान से-चिन्तन से विचार करे (श्रेयांसं दक्षं मनसा जगृभ्यात्) श्रेष्ठ बल अर्थात् आत्मबल को मनोभाव से पकड़े ॥२॥


ज्ञानधन जहाँ से भी मिले ले लेना चाहिये और उसका सबसे अधिक सदुपयोग मोक्षमार्ग में लगाना है। वह मानव का श्रेष्ठ बल है ॥२॥


1935   4-50-9

One who helps others wins wealth.

अप्र॑तीतो जयति॒ सं धना॑नि॒ प्रति॑जन्यान्यु॒त या सज॑न्या। अ॒व॒स्यवे॒ यो वरि॑वः कृ॒णोति॑ ब्र॒ह्मणे॒ राजा॒ तम॑वन्ति दे॒वाः ॥९॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

apratīto jayati saṁ dhanāni pratijanyāny uta yā sajanyā | avasyave yo varivaḥ kṛṇoti brahmaṇe rājā tam avanti devāḥ ||


पद पाठ

अप्र॑तिऽइतः। ज॒य॒ति॒। सम्। धना॑नि। प्रति॑ऽजन्यानि। उ॒त। या। सऽज॑न्या। अ॒व॒स्यवे॑। यः। वरि॑वः। कृ॒णोति॑। ब्र॒ह्मणे॑। राजा॑। तम्। अ॒व॒न्ति॒। दे॒वाः ॥९॥


हे मनुष्यो ! (यः) जो (अप्रतीतः) शत्रुओं से नहीं पराजित किया गया (राजा) राजा (अवस्यवे) रक्षा की इच्छा करते हुए (ब्रह्मणे) परमात्मा के लिये (वरिवः) सेवन को (कृणोति) करता है (तम्) उसकी (देवाः) विद्वान् जन (अवन्ति) रक्षा करते हैं और (या) जो (सजन्या) तुल्य उत्पन्न हुए पदार्थों के साथ वर्त्तमान (उत) भी (प्रतिजन्यानि) मनुष्य-मनुष्य के प्रति वर्त्तमान (धनानि) धन हैं उनको सहज स्वभाव से (सम्, जयति) अच्छे प्रकार जीतता है ॥९॥


हे मनुष्यो ! जो राजा परमात्मा ही की उपासना करता और यथार्थवक्ता विद्वानों की सेवा करता है, वही नहीं नाश होनेवाले राज्य और धन को प्राप्त होकर सदा ही विजयी होता है ॥९॥


1936  1-125-1

One who gets up early morning gets treasure.1936

प्रा॒ता रत्नं॑ प्रात॒रित्वा॑ दधाति॒ तं चि॑कि॒त्वान्प्र॑ति॒गृह्या॒ नि ध॑त्ते। तेन॑ प्र॒जां व॒र्धय॑मान॒ आयू॑ रा॒यस्पोषे॑ण सचते सु॒वीर॑: ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

prātā ratnam prātaritvā dadhāti taṁ cikitvān pratigṛhyā ni dhatte | tena prajāṁ vardhayamāna āyū rāyas poṣeṇa sacate suvīraḥ ||


पद पाठ

प्रा॒तरिति॑। रत्न॑म्। प्रा॒तः॒ऽइत्वा॑। द॒धा॒ति॒। तम्। चि॒कि॒त्वान्। प्र॒ति॒ऽगृह्य॑। नि। ध॒त्ते॒। तेन॑। प्र॒जाम्। व॒र्धय॑मानः। आयुः॑। रा॒यः। पोषे॑ण। स॒च॒ते॒। सु॒ऽवीरः॑ ॥ १.१२५.१


जो (चिकित्वान्) विशेष ज्ञानवान् (प्रातरित्वा) प्रातःकाल में जागनेवाला (सुवीरः) सुन्दर वीर मनुष्य (प्रातः रत्नम्) प्रभात समय में रमण करने योग्य आनन्दमय पदार्थ को (दधाति) धारण करता और (प्रतिगृह्य) दे, लेकर फिर (तम्) उसको (नि, धत्ते) नित्य धारण वा (तेन) उस (रायस्पोषेण) धन की पुष्टि से (प्रजाम्) पुत्र-पौत्र आदि सन्तान और (आयुः) आयुर्दा को (वर्द्धयमानः) विद्या और उत्तम शिक्षा से बढ़ाता हुआ (सचते) उसका सम्बन्ध करता है, वह निरन्तर सुखी होता है ॥ १ ॥


जो आलस्य को छोड़ धर्म सम्बन्धी व्यवहार से धन को पा उसकी रक्षा उसका स्वयं भोग कर दूसरों को भोग करा और दे-ले कर निरन्तर उत्तम यत्न करे, वह सब सुखों को प्राप्त होवे ॥ १ ॥


7.1.3b Wealth maximization

1944   2-11-13

One shall long for riches.

स्याम॒ ते त॑ इन्द्र॒ ये त॑ ऊ॒ती अ॑व॒स्यव॒ ऊर्जं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः। शु॒ष्मिन्त॑मं॒ यं चा॒कना॑म देवा॒स्मे र॒यिं रा॑सि वी॒रव॑न्तम्॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

syāma te ta indra ye ta ūtī avasyava ūrjaṁ vardhayantaḥ | śuṣmintamaṁ yaṁ cākanāma devāsme rayiṁ rāsi vīravantam ||


पद पाठ

स्याम॑। ते। ते॒। इ॒न्द्र॒। ये। ते॒। ऊ॒ती। अ॒व॒स्यवः॑। ऊर्ज॑म्। व॒र्धय॑न्तः। शु॒ष्मिन्ऽत॑मम्। यम्। चा॒कना॑म। दे॒व॒। अ॒स्मे इति॑। र॒यिम्। रा॒सि॒। वी॒रऽव॑न्तम्॥


हे (देव) मनोहर (इन्द्र) ऐश्वर्य के देनेवाले ! (ये) जो (अवस्यवः) अपनी रक्षा चाहते और (ते) आपकी (ऊती) रक्षा आदि क्रिया से (ऊर्जम्) पराक्रम को (वर्द्धयन्तः) बढ़ाते हुए आपकी रक्षा करते (ते) वे अतुल सुख को प्राप्त होते हैं जिन (ते) आपके सम्बन्ध में हम लोग (यम्) जिस (शुष्मिन्तमम्) अति बलवान् (वीरवन्तम्) वीरों के प्रसिद्ध करानेवाले (रयिम्) धन को (चाकनाम) चाहें आप (अस्मे) हम लोगों के लिये इसको (रासि) देते हो उसको प्राप्त हो हम लोग सुखी (स्याम) हों ॥१३॥

जो भी मनुष्य परस्पर की वृद्धि करते हैं, वे सब ओर से बढ़ते हैं, किसी को अच्छी कामना नहीं छोड़नी चाहिये ॥१३॥


1946   5-55-10

One shall be a master of abundant riches.

यू॒यम॒स्मान्न॑यत॒ वस्यो॒ अच्छा॒ निरं॑ह॒तिभ्यो॑ मरुतो गृणा॒नाः। जु॒षध्वं॑ नो ह॒व्यदा॑तिं यजत्रा व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ॥१०॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

yūyam asmān nayata vasyo acchā nir aṁhatibhyo maruto gṛṇānāḥ | juṣadhvaṁ no havyadātiṁ yajatrā vayaṁ syāma patayo rayīṇām ||


पद पाठ

यू॒यम्। अ॒स्मान्। न॒य॒त॒। वस्यः॑। अच्छ॑। निः। अं॒ह॒तिऽभ्यः॑। म॒रु॒तः॒। गृ॒णा॒नाः। जु॒षध्व॑म्। नः॒। ह॒व्यऽदा॑तिम्। य॒ज॒त्राः॒। व॒यम्। स्या॒म॒। पत॑यः। र॒यी॒णाम् ॥१०॥


हे (गृणानाः) स्तुति करते हुए (मरुतः) विद्वान् मनुष्यो ! (यूयम्) आप लोग (वस्यः) अति धन से युक्त (अस्मान्) हम लोगों की रक्षा कीजिये और (अंहतिभ्यः) मारते हैं जिनसे उन अस्त्रों से पृथक् (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार (निः, नयत) निरन्तर पहुँचाइये और (नः) हम लोगों की (जुषध्वम्) सेवा करिये। और हे (यजत्राः) मिलनेवाले जनो ! हम लोगों के लिये (हव्यदातिम्) देने योग्य दान को प्राप्त कराइये जिससे (वयम्) हम लोग (रयीणाम्) धनों के (पतयः) पालन करनेवाले (स्याम) होवें ॥१०॥


जिज्ञासुजन विद्वानों की प्रार्थना इस प्रकार करें कि आप लोग हम लोगों को दुष्ट आचरण से अलग करके धर्मयुक्त मार्ग को प्राप्त कराइये ॥१०॥ 


7.1.3c Multi-Sources of Wealth

1948   9-45-3

The doors of wealth shall be unbarred.

उ॒त त्वाम॑रु॒णं व॒यं गोभि॑रञ्ज्मो॒ मदा॑य॒ कम् । वि नो॑ रा॒ये दुरो॑ वृधि ॥

uta tvām aruṇaṁ vayaṁ gobhir añjmo madāya kam | vi no rāye duro vṛdhi ||

उ॒त । त्वाम् । अ॒रु॒णम् । व॒यम् । गोभिः॑ । अ॒ञ्ज्मः॒ । मदा॑य । कम् । वि । नः॒ । रा॒ये । दुरः॑ । वृ॒धि॒ ॥ ९.४५.३


हे परमात्मन् ! (अरुणम् उत त्वाम्) गतिशील आपको (मदाय) आह्लादप्राप्ति के लिये (गोभिः अञ्ज्मः) इन्द्रियों द्वारा ज्ञान का विषय करते हैं (नः रायम्) आप हमारे ऐश्वर्य के लिये (दुरः विवृधि) पापों को नष्ट करिये तथा (कम्) सुख प्रदान करिये ॥३॥

जो लोग अपनी इन्द्रियों का संयम करते हैं, वे ही उस परमात्मा के शुद्ध स्वरूप को अनुभव कर सकते हैं, अन्य नहीं 


1949  5-54-13

Wealth in thousands should dwell and should never disappear.

यु॒ष्माद॑त्तस्य मरुतो विचेतसो रा॒यः स्या॑म र॒थ्यो॒३॒॑ वय॑स्वतः। न यो युच्छ॑ति ति॒ष्यो॒३॒॑ यथा॑ दि॒वो॒३॒॑स्मे रा॑रन्त मरुतः सह॒स्रिण॑म् ॥१३॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

yuṣmādattasya maruto vicetaso rāyaḥ syāma rathyo vayasvataḥ | na yo yucchati tiṣyo yathā divo sme rāranta marutaḥ sahasriṇam ||


पद पाठ

यु॒ष्माऽद॑त्तस्य। म॒रु॒तः॒। वि॒ऽचे॒त॒सः॒। रा॒यः। स्या॒म॒। र॒थ्यः॑। वय॑स्वतः। न। यः। युच्छ॑ति। ति॒ष्यः॑। यथा॑। दि॒वः। अ॒स्मे इति॑। र॒र॒न्त॒। म॒रु॒तः॒। स॒ह॒स्रिण॑म् ॥१३॥


हे (विचेतसः) अनेक प्रकार का संज्ञान जिनका वे (रथ्यः) बहुत रथ आदि से युक्त (मरुतः) प्राणों के सदृश प्रियजनो ! हम लोग (युष्मादत्तस्य) आप लोगों से दिये गये (वयस्वतः) प्रशंसित जीवन जिसका उस (रायः) धन के स्वामी (स्याम) होवें और (यः) जो (अस्मे) हम लोगों के लिये वा हम लोगों में (न) नहीं (युच्छति) प्रमाद करता और (यथा) जैसे (दिवः) प्रकाश के मध्य में (तिष्यः) सूर्य्य वा पुष्य नक्षत्र है, वैसे प्रकाशित होवे और हे (मरुतः) जनो ! आप लोग (सहस्रिणम्) असंख्य वस्तु है विद्यमान जिसके उसको (रारन्त) रमण करते हैं ॥१३॥

मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि सदा धनाढ्यपन का खोज करें और प्रमाद न करें ॥१३॥


1950  5-55-10

People are to be masters of plentiful riches.

यू॒यम॒स्मान्न॑यत॒ वस्यो॒ अच्छा॒ निरं॑ह॒तिभ्यो॑ मरुतो गृणा॒नाः। जु॒षध्वं॑ नो ह॒व्यदा॑तिं यजत्रा व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ॥१०॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

yūyam asmān nayata vasyo acchā nir aṁhatibhyo maruto gṛṇānāḥ | juṣadhvaṁ no havyadātiṁ yajatrā vayaṁ syāma patayo rayīṇām ||


पद पाठ

यू॒यम्। अ॒स्मान्। न॒य॒त॒। वस्यः॑। अच्छ॑। निः। अं॒ह॒तिऽभ्यः॑। म॒रु॒तः॒। गृ॒णा॒नाः। जु॒षध्व॑म्। नः॒। ह॒व्यऽदा॑तिम्। य॒ज॒त्राः॒। व॒यम्। स्या॒म॒। पत॑यः। र॒यी॒णाम् ॥१०॥


हे (गृणानाः) स्तुति करते हुए (मरुतः) विद्वान् मनुष्यो ! (यूयम्) आप लोग (वस्यः) अति धन से युक्त (अस्मान्) हम लोगों की रक्षा कीजिये और (अंहतिभ्यः) मारते हैं जिनसे उन अस्त्रों से पृथक् (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार (निः, नयत) निरन्तर पहुँचाइये और (नः) हम लोगों की (जुषध्वम्) सेवा करिये। और हे (यजत्राः) मिलनेवाले जनो ! हम लोगों के लिये (हव्यदातिम्) देने योग्य दान को प्राप्त कराइये जिससे (वयम्) हम लोग (रयीणाम्) धनों के (पतयः) पालन करनेवाले (स्याम) होवें ॥१०॥


जिज्ञासुजन विद्वानों की प्रार्थना इस प्रकार करें कि आप लोग हम लोगों को दुष्ट आचरण से अलग करके धर्मयुक्त मार्ग को प्राप्त कराइये ॥१०॥ 

1951   7-72-5

Wealth has to be brought from all sides.


आ प॒श्चाता॑न्नास॒त्या पु॒रस्ता॒दाश्वि॑ना यातमध॒रादुद॑क्तात् । आ वि॒श्वत॒: पाञ्च॑जन्येन रा॒या यू॒यं पा॑त स्व॒स्तिभि॒: सदा॑ नः ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

ā paścātān nāsatyā purastād āśvinā yātam adharād udaktāt | ā viśvataḥ pāñcajanyena rāyā yūyam pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ ||


पद पाठ

आ । प॒श्चाता॑त् । ना॒स॒त्या॒ । आ । पु॒रस्ता॑त् । आ । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । या॒त॒म् । अ॒ध॒रात् । उद॑क्तात् । आ । वि॒श्वतः॑ । पाञ्च॑ऽजन्येन । रा॒या । यू॒यम् । पा॒त॒ । स्व॒स्तिऽभिः॑ । सदा॑ । नः॒ ॥ ७.७२.५


(नासत्या) हे सत्यवादी विद्वानों ! तुम लोग (आ पश्चातात्) भले प्रकार पश्चिम दिशा से (आ पुरस्तात्) पूर्व दिशा से (अधरात्) नीचे की ओर से (उदक्तात्) ऊपर की ओर से (आ विश्वतः) सब ओर से (पाञ्चजन्येन) पाँचों प्रकार के मनुष्यों का (राया) ऐश्वर्य्य बढ़ाओ और (अश्विना) हे अध्यापक तथा उपदेशको ! आप लोग पाँचों प्रकार के मनुष्यों को (आ) भले प्रकार (यातं) प्राप्त होकर सब यह प्रार्थना करो कि हे परमात्मन् ! (यूयं) आप (सदा) सदा (स्वस्तिभिः) मङ्गलरूप वाणियों द्वारा (नः) हमारे ऐश्वर्य्य की (पात) रक्षा करें ॥५॥


मन्त्र में जो “पञ्चजनाः” पद आया है, वह वैदिक सिद्धान्तानुसार पाँच प्रकार के मनुष्यों का वर्णन करता है अर्थात् ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य, शूद्र और पाँचवें दस्यु, जिनको ‘निषाद’ भी कहते हैं। वास्तव में वर्ण चार ही हैं, परन्तु मनुष्यमात्र का कल्याण अभिप्रेत होने के कारण पाँचवें दस्युओं को भी सम्मिलित करके परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे सत्यवादी विद्वानों ! आप लोग सब ओर से मनुष्यमात्र को प्राप्त होकर वैदिक धर्म का उपदेश करो, जिससे सब प्रजाजन सुकर्मों में प्रवृत्त होकर ऐश्वर्य्यशाली हों ॥ तात्पर्य्य यह है कि जो पुरुष सदा विद्वानों की सङ्गति में रहते और जिनको विद्वज्जन सब ओर से आकर प्राप्त होते हैं, वे पवित्र भावोंवाले होकर सदा ऐश्वर्य्यसम्पन्न हुए सङ्गति को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥ यहाँ “पञ्चजनाः” शब्द से यह भी है कि जिनमें गुण कर्म स्वभाव से कोई वर्ण स्थिर नहीं किया जा सकता था, उनको दस्यु वा निषाद कहते थे, क्योंकि वेद में चारों वर्णों का वर्णन स्पष्ट है। इससे सिद्ध है कि आर्यों में वर्णव्यवस्था वैदिक समय से गुणकर्मानुसार मानी जाती थी, जन्म से नहीं ॥ जिन लोगों का यह कथन है कि सनातन समय में वर्णव्यवस्था जन्म पर निर्भर थी, यह सर्वथा मिथ्या है, क्योंकि “ब्रह्मा देवानां पदवीं” ॥ ऋ० मं० ९।९६ ॥ और “तमेव ऋषिं तमु ब्रह्माणमाहुः” ॥ ऋ० म० १०।१०७ ॥ इत्यादि मन्त्रों में स्पष्ट है कि ब्रह्मा, ऋषि वा ब्राह्मणत्वादि धर्म वेद में सब गुण-कर्मानुसार माने गये हैं, जन्म से नहीं ॥ 

 


7.1.3d Enjoyer of Wealth

7.1.3e Social Distribution of Wealth

1956   10-117-6

One shall not be selfish and consume all by himself.

1958

One shall not be selfish and consume all by himself.

मोघ॒मन्नं॑ विन्दते॒ अप्र॑चेताः स॒त्यं ब्र॑वीमि व॒ध इत्स तस्य॑ । नार्य॒मणं॒ पुष्य॑ति॒ नो सखा॑यं॒ केव॑लाघो भवति केवला॒दी ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

mogham annaṁ vindate apracetāḥ satyam bravīmi vadha it sa tasya | nāryamaṇam puṣyati no sakhāyaṁ kevalāgho bhavati kevalādī ||


पद पाठ

मोघ॑म् । अन्न॑म् । वि॒न्द॒ते॒ । अप्र॑ऽचेताः । स॒त्यम् । ब्र॒वी॒मि॒ । व॒धः । इत् । सः । तस्य॑ । न । अ॒र्य॒मण॑म् । पुष्य॑ति । नो इति॑ । सखा॑यम् । केव॑लऽअघः । भ॒व॒ति॒ । के॒व॒ल॒ऽआ॒दी ॥ १०.११७.६


(अप्रचेताः) अप्रकृष्ट बुद्धिवाला-बेसमझ मनुष्य (मोघम्) व्यर्थ (अन्नं विन्दते) अन्नादि धन को प्राप्त करते हैं (सत्यं ब्रवीमि) मैं सत्य कहता हूँ (तस्य) उसका (सः) वह धन वैभव (वधः-इत्) वधक है-घातक ही है (अर्यमणम्) उस अन्नादि से ज्ञानदाता विद्वान् को (न पुष्यति) नहीं पालता है (न-उ सखायम्) और न ही समानधर्मी समानवंशी सम्बन्धी को पालता है-घोषित करता है, वह ऐसा (केवलादी) अकेला खानेवाला (केवलाघः) केवल पापी होता है ॥६॥


जो मनुष्य अन्न धन सम्पत्ति का स्वामी बनकर उससे किसी ज्ञान देनेवाले विद्वान् का पोषण नहीं करता न किसी वंशीय सम्बन्धी का पोषण करता है, उसका अन्नधन सम्पत्ति पाना व्यर्थ है-घातक है, वह केवल अकेले खाकर पापी बनकर संसार से चला जाता है ॥६॥


1960  10-117-5

The rich shall satisfy the poor.


पृ॒णी॒यादिन्नाध॑मानाय॒ तव्या॒न्द्राघी॑यांस॒मनु॑ पश्येत॒ पन्था॑म् । ओ हि वर्त॑न्ते॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रान्यम॑न्य॒मुप॑ तिष्ठन्त॒ राय॑: ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

pṛṇīyād in nādhamānāya tavyān drāghīyāṁsam anu paśyeta panthām | o hi vartante rathyeva cakrānyam-anyam upa tiṣṭhanta rāyaḥ ||


पद पाठ

पृ॒णी॒यात् । इत् । नाध॑मानाय । तव्या॑न् । द्राघी॑यांसम् । अनु॑ । प॒श्ये॒त॒ । पन्था॑म् । ओ इति॑ । हि । व॒र्त॒न्ते॒ । रथ्या॑ऽइव । च॒क्रा । अ॒न्यम्ऽअ॑न्यम् । उप॑ । ति॒ष्ठ॒न्त॒ । रायः॑ ॥ १०.११७.५


(तव्यान्) धनसमृद्ध जन (नाधमानाय) अधिकार माँगनेवाले के लिये उसे (पृणीयात्) भोजनादि से तृप्त करे (द्राघीयांसम्) अतिदीर्घ लम्बे उदार (पन्थाम्) मार्ग को (अनु पश्येत) देखे-समझे (रायः) सम्पत्तियाँ (रथ्या चक्रा-इव) रथ के चक्रों पहियों की भाँति (आ वर्तन्ते-उ हि) आवर्तन किया करती हैं, भिन्न-भिन्न स्थानों में घूमा करती हैं (अन्यम्-अन्यम्-उप तिष्ठन्त) भिन्न-भिन्न स्थान को आश्रित करती हैं ॥५॥

धनसम्पन्न मनुष्य अपने अन्न धन सम्पत्ति से अधिकार माँगनेवाले को तृप्त करे, इस प्रकार उदारता के मार्ग को अनुभव करे, क्योंकि धन सम्पत्तियाँ सदा एक के पास नहीं रहती हैं, वे तो गाड़ी के पहियों की भाँति घूमा करती हैं, आती-जाती रहती हैं ॥५॥


7.1.3f  Conservation of Wealth

1961 6-71-6

One shall produce fair wealth for today and tomorrow.

वा॒मम॒द्य स॑वितर्वा॒ममु॒ श्वो दि॒वेदि॑वे वा॒मम॒स्मभ्यं॑ सावीः। वा॒मस्य॒ हि क्षय॑स्य देव॒ भूरे॑र॒या धि॒या वा॑म॒भाजः॑ स्याम ॥६॥



vāmam adya savitar vāmam u śvo dive-dive vāmam asmabhyaṁ sāvīḥ | vāmasya hi kṣayasya deva bhūrer ayā dhiyā vāmabhājaḥ syāma ||



वा॒मम्। अ॒द्य। स॒वि॒तः॒। वा॒मम्। ऊँ॒ इति॑। श्वः। दि॒वेऽदि॑वे। वा॒मम्। अ॒स्मभ्य॑म्। सा॒वीः॒। वा॒मस्य॑। हि। क्षय॑स्य। दे॒व॒। भूरेः॑। अ॒या। धि॒या। वा॒म॒ऽभाजः॑। स्या॒म॒ ॥६॥


हे (सवितः) ऐश्वर्य्य के देनेवाले (देव) दिव्यगुणयुक्त राजन् ! जैसे (हि) जिस कारण से आप (अद्य) अब (वामम्) प्रशंसा करने योग्य सुख (उ) और (श्वः) अगले दिन (वामम्) प्रशंसा करने योग्य सुख तथा (दिवेदिवे) प्रतिदिन (वामम्) अति उत्तम सुख (अस्मभ्यम्) हमारे लिये (सावीः) उत्पन्न करो उससे (अया) इस (धिया) प्रज्ञा वा कर्म से (भूरेः) बहुत प्रकार के (वामस्य) प्रशंसित (क्षयस्य) घर के (वामभाजः) वामभाज अर्थात् प्रशंसित सुख भोगनेवाले हम लोग (स्याम) हों ॥६॥


हे राजन् ! जिससे आप हम प्रजाजनों के लिये प्रशंसनीय सुख को उत्पन्न करते और रक्षा का विधान करते हो, वैसे हम लोग सुख से धन, घर और प्रशंसित कामों के सेवनेवाले होकर आपकी आज्ञा में नित्य वर्तें ॥६॥ 


7.1.3g Poverty

1962     10-76-4

Poverty should be banished.

अप॑ हत र॒क्षसो॑ भङ्गु॒राव॑त स्कभा॒यत॒ निॠ॑तिं॒ सेध॒ताम॑तिम् । आ नो॑ र॒यिं सर्व॑वीरं सुनोतन देवा॒व्यं॑ भरत॒ श्लोक॑मद्रयः ॥

apa hata rakṣaso bhaṅgurāvata skabhāyata nirṛtiṁ sedhatāmatim | ā no rayiṁ sarvavīraṁ sunotana devāvyam bharata ślokam adrayaḥ ||


पद पाठ

अप॑ । ह॒त॒ । र॒क्षसः॑ । भ॒ङ्गु॒रऽव॑तः । स्क॒भा॒यत॑ । निःऽऋ॑तिम् । सेध॑त । अम॑तिम् । आ । नः॒ । र॒यिम् । सर्व॑ऽवीरम् । सु॒नो॒त॒न॒ । दे॒व॒ऽअ॒व्य॑म् । भ॒र॒त॒ । श्लोक॑म् । अ॒द्र॒यः॒ ॥ १०.७६.४


(अद्रयः) हे मन्त्रोपदेश करनेवाले विद्वानों ! तुम (भङ्गुरावतः) प्रहारक प्रवृत्तिवाले (रक्षसः) दुष्ट विचारों को (अपहत) नष्ट करो (निर्ऋतिं स्कभायत) रमणतारहित या अरमणीय प्रवृत्ति को नियन्त्रित करो-रोको (अमतिम्-अपसेधत) अज्ञता को दूर करो (नः) हमारे लिए (सर्ववीरं रयिम्) समस्त प्राणों से युक्त पोषण को (आसुनोतन) सम्पादित करो (देवाव्यं श्लोकं-भरत) परमात्मदेव जिससे प्राप्त हो, ऐसे वचन को हमारे अन्दर धारण करो ॥४॥

विद्वान् जन जनता को ऐसा उपदेश करें, जिससे कि उनके अन्दर से दुष्ट विचार, अस्थिरता, अज्ञान दूर होकर वे स्वास्थ्य और परमात्मा की प्राप्ति कर सकें ॥४॥


7.2 Knowledge Management

7.2.1 Knowledge Acquisition

1971   10-130-5

By knowledge men ascend as Rsis. 

अप॑ हत र॒क्षसो॑ भङ्गु॒राव॑त स्कभा॒यत॒ निॠ॑तिं॒ सेध॒ताम॑तिम् । आ नो॑ र॒यिं सर्व॑वीरं सुनोतन देवा॒व्यं॑ भरत॒ श्लोक॑मद्रयः ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

apa hata rakṣaso bhaṅgurāvata skabhāyata nirṛtiṁ sedhatāmatim | ā no rayiṁ sarvavīraṁ sunotana devāvyam bharata ślokam adrayaḥ ||


पद पाठ

अप॑ । ह॒त॒ । र॒क्षसः॑ । भ॒ङ्गु॒रऽव॑तः । स्क॒भा॒यत॑ । निःऽऋ॑तिम् । सेध॑त । अम॑तिम् । आ । नः॒ । र॒यिम् । सर्व॑ऽवीरम् । सु॒नो॒त॒न॒ । दे॒व॒ऽअ॒व्य॑म् । भ॒र॒त॒ । श्लोक॑म् । अ॒द्र॒यः॒ ॥ १०.७६.४


(अद्रयः) हे मन्त्रोपदेश करनेवाले विद्वानों ! तुम (भङ्गुरावतः) प्रहारक प्रवृत्तिवाले (रक्षसः) दुष्ट विचारों को (अपहत) नष्ट करो (निर्ऋतिं स्कभायत) रमणतारहित या अरमणीय प्रवृत्ति को नियन्त्रित करो-रोको (अमतिम्-अपसेधत) अज्ञता को दूर करो (नः) हमारे लिए (सर्ववीरं रयिम्) समस्त प्राणों से युक्त पोषण को (आसुनोतन) सम्पादित करो (देवाव्यं श्लोकं-भरत) परमात्मदेव जिससे प्राप्त हो, ऐसे वचन को हमारे अन्दर धारण करो ॥४॥

विद्वान् जन जनता को ऐसा उपदेश करें, जिससे कि उनके अन्दर से दुष्ट विचार, अस्थिरता, अज्ञान दूर होकर वे स्वास्थ्य और परमात्मा की प्राप्ति कर सकें ॥४॥


1972 10-139-5

One should know both truth and falsehood properly.


वि॒श्वाव॑सुर॒भि तन्नो॑ गृणातु दि॒व्यो ग॑न्ध॒र्वो रज॑सो वि॒मान॑: । यद्वा॑ घा स॒त्यमु॒त यन्न वि॒द्म धियो॑ हिन्वा॒नो धिय॒ इन्नो॑ अव्याः ॥



viśvāvasur abhi tan no gṛṇātu divyo gandharvo rajaso vimānaḥ | yad vā ghā satyam uta yan na vidma dhiyo hinvāno dhiya in no avyāḥ ||



वि॒श्वऽव॑सुः । अ॒भि । तत् । नः॒ । गृ॒णा॒तु॒ । दि॒व्यः । ग॒न्ध॒र्वः । रज॑सः । वि॒ऽमानः । यत् । वा॒ । घ॒ । स॒त्यम् । उ॒त । यत् । न । वि॒द्म । धियः॑ । हि॒न्वा॒नः । धियः॑ । इत् । नः॒ । अ॒व्याः॒ ॥ १०.१३९.५


विश्वावसुः) विश्व को बसानेवाला या विश्व में बसनेवाला (दिव्यः) मोक्षधाम का अधिपति (गन्धर्वः) वेदवाणी का धारक (रजसः-विमानः) लोकमात्र का निर्माणकर्ता परमात्मा (नः) हमें (तत्) उसका (अभि गृणातु) उपदेश करे (यत्-वा-घ-सत्यम्) जो कि सत्य ज्ञान हो (यत्-न विद्मः) जिसको हम न जानें (धियः-हिन्वानः) बुद्धियों को प्रेरित करता हुआ (नः-धियः-इत्-अव्याः) वह तू हमारी बुद्धियों की रक्षा कर ॥५॥


परमात्मा विश्व को बसानेवाला मोक्षधाम का अधिपति, वेदवाणी का धारण करनेवाला, लोकमात्र का निर्माणकर्ता है, उससे सत्य ज्ञान व जिस बात को हम न जानते हों, उस बात का उपदेश लेने और बुद्धि की रक्षा करने की प्रार्थना करनी चाहिये ॥५॥


1975 10-117-7

Better the speaking than the silent Brahman.

1978a  10-2-4

Knowledgeable persons correct the faults and failures.


यद्वो॑ व॒यं प्र॑मि॒नाम॑ व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒दुषां॑ देवा॒ अवि॑दुष्टरासः । अ॒ग्निष्टद्विश्व॒मा पृ॑णाति वि॒द्वान्येभि॑र्दे॒वाँ ऋ॒तुभि॑: क॒ल्पया॑ति ॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

yad vo vayam pramināma vratāni viduṣāṁ devā aviduṣṭarāsaḥ | agniṣ ṭad viśvam ā pṛṇāti vidvān yebhir devām̐ ṛtubhiḥ kalpayāti ||


पद पाठ

तत् । वः॒ । व॒यम् । प्र॒ऽमि॒नाम॑ । व्र॒तानि॑ । वि॒दुषा॑म् । दे॒वाः॒ । अवि॑दुःऽतरासः । अ॒ग्निः । तत् । विश्व॑म् । आ । पृ॒णा॒ति॒ । वि॒द्वान् । येभिः॑ । दे॒वान् । ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑ । क॒ल्पया॑ति ॥ १०.२.४


-(देवाः) हे द्युस्थान के ग्रहों ! (वयम्-अविदुष्टरासः) हम ज्योतिर्विद्या में सर्वथा अज्ञानी (वः-विदुषाम्) तुम ज्योतिर्विद्या के ज्ञाननिमित्तों के (यत्-व्रतानि-प्रमिनाम) जिन कर्मों-नियमों को हिंसित करते हैं-तोड़ते हैं, भूल करते हैं (अग्निः-विद्वान्) सूर्य अग्नि ज्ञान का निमित्त हुआ (तत्-विश्वम्-आपृणाति) उस सब को पूरा कर देता है (येभिः-ऋतुभिः-देवान् कल्पयाति) जिन काल क्रियाओं द्वारा वह ग्रहों को अपने सौरमण्डल के गतिमार्ग में गति करने को समर्थ बनाता है ॥४॥


ग्रहों के ज्ञान में अनभिज्ञ जन जो भूल कर देते हैं, सूर्य को ठीक-ठीक समझने पर वह भूल दूर हो जाती है। कारण कि सूर्य ही कालक्रम से ग्रहों को सर्व गति-मार्गों में चलाता है। विद्वानों के शिक्षण में कहीं अपनी अयोग्यता से भूल या भ्रान्ति प्रतीत हो, तो विद्यासूर्य महा विद्वान् से पूर्ति करनी चाहिये ॥४॥


7.2..2 Knowledge Propagation

1982

Celestials are propitiated for acquisition of knowledge.

7.2.3 Vidya (Knowledge)

1985   1-3-11

It is the inspirer of gracious thoughts.

अव॑ सृजा वनस्पते॒ देव॑ दे॒वेभ्यो॑ ह॒विः। प्र दा॒तुर॑स्तु॒ चेत॑नम्॥

ava sṛjā vanaspate deva devebhyo haviḥ | pra dātur astu cetanam ||



अव॑। सृ॒ज॒। व॒न॒स्प॒ते॒। देव॑। दे॒वेभ्यः॑। ह॒विः। प्र। दा॒तुः। अ॒स्तु॒। चेत॑नम्॥


जो (देव) फल आदि पदार्थों को देनेवाला (वनस्पतिः) वनों के वृक्ष और ओषधि आदि पदार्थों को अधिक वृष्टि के हेतु से पालन करनेवाला (देवेभ्यः) दिव्यगुणों के लिये (हविः) हवन करने योग्य पदार्थों को (अवसृज) उत्पन्न करता है, वह (प्रदातुः) सब पदार्थों की शुद्धि चाहनेवाले विद्वान् जन के (चेतनम्) विज्ञान को उत्पन्न करानेवाला (अस्तु) होता है॥

मनुष्यों ने पृथिवी तथा सब पदार्थ जलमय युक्ति से क्रियाओं में युक्त किये हुए अग्नि से प्रदीप्त होकर रोगों की निर्मूलता से बुद्धि और बल को देने के कारण ज्ञान के बढ़ाने के हेतु होकर दिव्यगुणों का प्रकाश करते हैं॥११॥


1986   1-3-12

It lightens every pure thought.

म॒हो अर्णः॒ सर॑स्वती॒ प्र चे॑तयति के॒तुना॑। धियो॒ विश्वा॒ वि रा॑जति॥



maho arṇaḥ sarasvatī pra cetayati ketunā | dhiyo viśvā vi rājati ||



म॒हः। अर्णः॑। सर॑स्वती। प्र। चे॒त॒य॒ति॒। के॒तुना॑। धियः॑। विश्वाः॑। वि। रा॒ज॒ति॒॥


जो (सरस्वती) वाणी (केतुना) शुभ कर्म अथवा श्रेष्ठ बुद्धि से (महः) अगाध (अर्णः) शब्दरूपी समुद्र को (प्रचेतयति) जनानेवाली है, वही मनुष्यों की (विश्वाः) सब बुद्धियों को (विराजति) विशेष करके प्रकाश करती है॥१२॥

इस मन्त्र में वाचकोपमेयलुप्तोपमालङ्कार दिखलाया है। जैसे वायु से तरङ्गयुक्त और सूर्य्य से प्रकाशित समुद्र अपने रत्न और तरङ्गों से युक्त होने के कारण बहुत उत्तम व्यवहार और रत्नादि की प्राप्ति में बड़ा भारी माना जाता है, वैसे ही जो आकाश और वेद का अनेक विद्यादि गुणवाला शब्दरूपी महासागर को प्रकाशित करानेवाली वेदवाणी का उपदेश है, वही साधारण मनुष्यों की यथार्थ बुद्धि का बढ़ानेवाला होता है॥१२॥ दो सूक्तों की विद्या का प्रकाश करके इस तृतीय सूक्त से क्रियाओं का हेतु अश्विशब्द का अर्थ और उसके सिद्ध करनेवाले विद्वानों का लक्षण तथा विद्वान् होने का हेतु सरस्वती शब्द से सब विद्याप्राप्ति के निमित्त वाणी के प्रकाश करने से जान लेना चाहिये। 



1987

It brings all good.

7.2.4 Avidya (Ignorance)

7.2.5 Vijnanam (Wisdom)

1993  9-9-9

Wisdom is the light which is to be won.

पव॑मान॒ महि॒ श्रवो॒ गामश्वं॑ रासि वी॒रव॑त् । सना॑ मे॒धां सना॒ स्व॑: ॥

pavamāna mahi śravo gām aśvaṁ rāsi vīravat | sanā medhāṁ sanā svaḥ ||


पव॑मान । महि॑ । श्रवः॑ । गाम् । अश्व॑म् । रा॒सि॒ । वी॒रऽव॑त् । सना॑ । मे॒धाम् । सना॑ । स्वः॑ ॥ ९.९.९

(पवमान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (महि, श्रवः) हमको सर्वोपरि आनन्द प्रदान करो और (गाम् अश्वम्) गौ अश्वादि नाना प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य के साधन (रासि) आप हमको दें और (वीरवत्) वीरता धर्मवाले मनुष्य (सना) देवें (मेधाम्) बुद्धि और (स्वः) स्वर्ग (सना) देवें ॥९॥

जिस जाति वा धर्म पर परमात्मा की अत्यन्त कृपा होती है, उसको परमात्मा नाना प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य के साधन प्रदान करता है और शुद्ध बुद्धि तथा सर्वोपरि आनन्द का प्रदान करता है ॥

7.3 Human Resource Management

7.3.1 Employee remuneration 

7.3.2 Equal remuneration 

7.3.3 Personality management 

7.3.3a  Annamaya or physical personality 

7.3.3b Pranamaya or energetic personality 

7.3.3c Manomaya or emotional personality 

7.3.3d Vijñanamaya or intellectual personality 

7.3.3e Anandamaya or creative personality

7.3.3f Vedic Personality pyramid 

7.3.4 Varna and management 

2001  1-113-6

One for high sway, one for exalted glory, one for pursuit of gain and one for labor.

क्ष॒त्राय॑ त्वं॒ श्रव॑से त्वं मही॒या इ॒ष्टये॑ त्व॒मर्थ॑मिव त्वमि॒त्यै। विस॑दृशा जीवि॒ताभि॑प्र॒चक्ष॑ उ॒षा अ॑जीग॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ॥



kṣatrāya tvaṁ śravase tvam mahīyā iṣṭaye tvam artham iva tvam ityai | visadṛśā jīvitābhipracakṣa uṣā ajīgar bhuvanāni viśvā ||



क्ष॒त्राय॑। त्व॒म्। श्रव॑से। त्व॒म्। म॒ही॒यै। इ॒ष्टये॑। त्व॒म्। अर्थ॑म्ऽइव। त्व॒म्। इ॒त्यै। विऽस॑दृशा। जी॒वि॒ता। अ॒भि॒ऽप्र॒चक्षे॑। उ॒षाः। अ॒जी॒गः॒। भुव॑नानि। विश्वा॑ ॥ १.११३.६


हे विद्वन् सभाध्यक्ष राजन् ! जैसे (उषाः) प्रातर्वेला अपने प्रकाश से (विश्वा) सब (भुवनानि) लोकों को (अजीगः) ढाँक लेती है (त्वम्) तू (अभिप्रचक्षे) अच्छे प्रकार शास्त्र-बोध से सिद्ध वाणी आदि व्यवहाररूप (क्षत्राय) राज्य के लिये और (त्वम्) तू (श्रवसे) श्रवण और अन्न के लिये (त्वम्) तू (इष्टये) इष्ट सुख और (महीयै) सत्कार के लिये और (त्वम्) तू (इत्यै) सङ्गति प्राप्ति के लिये (विसदृशा) विविध धर्मयुक्त व्यवहारों के अनुकूल (अर्थमिव) द्रव्यों के समान (जीविता) जीवनादि को सदा सिद्ध किया कर ॥ ६ ॥

इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जैसे विद्या विनय से प्रकाशमान सत्पुरुष सब समीपस्थ पदार्थों को व्याप्त होकर उनके गुणों के प्रकाश से समस्त अर्थों को सिद्ध करनेवाले होते हैं, वैसे राजादि पुरुष विद्या न्याय और धर्मादि को सब ओर से व्याप्त होकर चक्रवर्त्ती राज्य की यथावत् रक्षा से सब आनन्द को सिद्ध करें ॥ ६ ॥


2006    10-191-2 to 4

The minds shall be of one accord, aim be common, assembly be common and thoughts be

united. The purpose be common and hearts be united for happily living together.


सं ग॑च्छध्वं॒ सं व॑दध्वं॒ सं वो॒ मनां॑सि जानताम् । दे॒वा भा॒गं यथा॒ पूर्वे॑ संजाना॒ना उ॒पास॑ते ॥



saṁ gacchadhvaṁ saṁ vadadhvaṁ saṁ vo manāṁsi jānatām | devā bhāgaṁ yathā pūrve saṁjānānā upāsate ||



सम् । ग॒च्छ॒ध्व॒म् । सम् । व॒द॒ध्व॒म् । सम् । वः॒ । मनां॑सि । जा॒न॒ता॒म् । दे॒वाः । भा॒गम् । यथा॑ । पूर्वे॑ । स॒म्ऽजा॒ना॒नाः । उ॒प॒ऽआस॑ते ॥ १०.१९१.२


सं गच्छध्वम्) हे मनुष्यों तुम लोग परस्पर संगत हो जाओ, समाज के रूप में मिल जाओ, इसलिए कि (सं वदध्वम्) तुम संवाद कर सको, विवाद नहीं, इसलिए कि (वः-मनांसि) तुम्हारे मन (सं जानताम्) संगत हो जावें-एक हो जावें, इसलिए कि (सञ्जानानाः पूर्वे देवाः) एक मन हुए पूर्व के विद्वान् (यथा) जैसे (भागम्-उपासते) भाग अपने अधिकार या लाभ को सेवन करते थे, वैसे तुम भी कर सको ॥२॥

मनुष्यों में अलग-अलग दल न होने चाहिए, किन्तु सब मिलकर एक सूत्र में बँधें, मिलकर रहें, इसलिए मिलें कि परस्पर संवाद कर सकें, एक-दूसरे के सुख-दुःख और अभिप्राय को सुन सकें और इसलिए संवाद करें कि मन सब का एक बने-एक ही लक्ष्य बने और एक लक्ष्य इसलिये बनना चाहिये कि जैसे श्रेष्ठ विद्वान् एक मन बनाकर मानव का सच्चा सुख प्राप्त करते रहे, ऐसे तुम भी करते रहो ॥२॥


7.3.5 Asrama  and management 


7.3.6 Labor welfare 

2008   4-57-8

The farmers shall plough the land happily.

शु॒नं नः॒ फाला॒ वि कृ॑षन्तु॒ भूमिं॑ शु॒नं की॒नाशा॑ अ॒भि य॑न्तु वा॒हैः। शु॒नं प॒र्जन्यो॒ मधु॑ना॒ पयो॑भिः॒ शुना॑सीरा शु॒नम॒स्मासु॑ धत्तम् ॥८॥


अंग्रेज़ी लिप्यंतरण

śunaṁ naḥ phālā vi kṛṣantu bhūmiṁ śunaṁ kīnāśā abhi yantu vāhaiḥ | śunam parjanyo madhunā payobhiḥ śunāsīrā śunam asmāsu dhattam ||


पद पाठ

शु॒नम्। नः॒। फालाः॑। वि। कृ॒ष॒न्तु॒। भूमि॑म्। शु॒नम्। की॒नाशाः॑। अ॒भि। य॒न्तु॒। वा॒हैः। शु॒नम्। प॒र्जन्यः॑। मधु॑ना। पयः॑ऽभिः। शुना॑सीरा। शु॒नम्। अ॒स्मासु॑। ध॒त्त॒म् ॥८॥


-जैसे (फालाः) लोहे से बनाई गई भूमि के खोदने के लिये वस्तुएँ (वाहैः) बैल आदिकों के द्वारा (नः) हम लोगों के लिये (भूमिम्) भूमि को (शुनम्) सुखपूर्वक (वि, कृषन्तु) खोदें (कीनाशाः) कृषिकर्म्म करनेवाले (शुनम्) सुख को (अभि, यन्तु) प्राप्त हों (पर्जन्यः) मेघ (मधुना) मधुर आदि गुण से (पयोभिः) और जलों से (शुनम्) सुख को वर्षावे, वैसे (शुनासीरा) अर्थात् सुख देनेवाले स्वामी और भृत्य कृषिकर्म करनेवाले तुम दोनों (अस्मासु) हम लोगों में (शुनम्) सुख को (धत्तम्) धारण करो ॥८॥

कृषिकर्म्म करनेवाले मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि उत्तम फाल आदि वस्तुओं को बनाय के हल आदि से भूमि को उत्तम करके अर्थात् गोड़ के उत्तम सुख को प्राप्त हों, वैसे ही अन्य राजा आदि के लिये सुख देवें ॥८॥ 


2009  4-57-4

The steers and men shall work happily.

शु॒नं वा॒हाः शु॒नं नरः॑ शु॒नं कृ॑षतु॒ लाङ्ग॑लम्। शु॒नं व॑र॒त्रा ब॑ध्यन्तां शु॒नमष्ट्रा॒मुदि॑ङ्गय ॥४॥



śunaṁ vāhāḥ śunaṁ naraḥ śunaṁ kṛṣatu lāṅgalam | śunaṁ varatrā badhyantāṁ śunam aṣṭrām ud iṅgaya ||



शु॒नम्। वा॒हाः। शु॒नम्। नरः॑। शु॒नम्। कृ॒ष॒तु॒। लाङ्ग॑लम्। शु॒नम्। व॒र॒त्राः। ब॑ध्य॒न्ताम्। शु॒नम्। अष्ट्रा॑म्। उत्॑। इ॒ङ्ग॒य॒ ॥४॥


हे खेती करनेवाले जन ! जैसे (वाहाः) बैल आदि पशु (शुनम्) सुख को प्राप्त हों (नरः) मुखिया कृषीवल (शुनम्) सुख को करें (लाङ्गलम्) हल का अवयव (शुनम्) सुख जैसे हो, वैसे (कृषतु) पृथिवी में प्रविष्ट हो और (वरत्राः) बैल की रस्सी (शुनम्) सुखपूर्वक (बध्यन्ताम्) बाँधी जायें, वैसे (अष्ट्राम्) खेती के साधन के अवयव को (शुनम्) सुखपूर्वक (उत्, इङ्गय) ऊपर चलाओ ॥४॥

खेती करनेवाले जन उत्तम हल आदि सामग्री, वृषभ और बीजों को इकट्ठे करके खेतों को उत्तम प्रकार जोत कर उनमें उत्तम अन्नों को उत्पन्न करें ॥४॥


7.3.7 Succession management 

7.4 Relationship Marketing

2014  4-9-7

One shall quickly listen to others’ calls.

अ॒स्माकं॑ जोष्यध्व॒रम॒स्माकं॑ य॒ज्ञम॑ङ्गिरः। अ॒स्माकं॑ शृणुधी॒ हव॑म् ॥७॥



asmākaṁ joṣy adhvaram asmākaṁ yajñam aṅgiraḥ | asmākaṁ śṛṇudhī havam ||



अ॒स्माक॑म्। जो॒षि॒। अ॒ध्व॒रम्। अ॒स्माक॑म्। य॒ज्ञम्। अ॒ङ्गि॒रः॒। अ॒स्माक॑म्। शृ॒णु॒धि॒। हव॑म्॥७॥


हे (अङ्गिरः) प्राण के सदृश प्रिय राजन् ! जिससे आप (अस्माकम्) हम लोगों के (अध्वरम्) न्यायव्यवहार और (अस्माकम्) हम लोगों के (यज्ञम्) विद्वानों के सत्कार आदि क्रियामय व्यवहार को (जोषि) सेवन करते हो इससे (अस्माकम्) हम लोगों के (हवम्) शब्द अर्थ सम्बन्धरूप विषय को (शृणुधि) सुनिये ॥७॥

हे राजन् ! जिससे कि आप हम लोगों की रक्षा करनेवाले प्रिय हैं, इससे अर्थी अर्थात् मुद्दई और प्रत्यर्थी अर्थात् मुद्दायले के वचनों को सुन के निरन्तर न्याय विधान करो ॥७॥


2015  8-80-4

One shall help and work for others.


इन्द्र॒ प्र णो॒ रथ॑मव प॒श्चाच्चि॒त्सन्त॑मद्रिवः । पु॒रस्ता॑देनं मे कृधि ॥



indra pra ṇo ratham ava paścāc cit santam adrivaḥ | purastād enam me kṛdhi ||


पद पाठ

इन्द्र॑ । प्र । नः॒ । रथ॑म् । अ॒व॒ । प॒श्चात् । चि॒त् । सन्त॑म् । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ । पु॒रस्ता॑त् । ए॒न॒म् । मे॒ । कृ॒धि॒ ॥ ८.८०.४


(शतक्रतो) हे अनन्तकर्म्मा सर्वशक्तिमान् परमात्मन् ! तुझसे (अन्यं) दूसरा कोई (मर्डितारम्) सुखकारी देव (नहि) नहीं है। (अकरं) यह मैं अच्छी तरह से देखता और सुनता हूँ। (बळा) यह सत्य है, इसमें कुछ भी सन्देह नहीं है। हे (इन्द्र) इन्द्र ! इस हेतु (नः) हम लोगों को (त्वं) तू (मृळय) सुखी बना ॥१॥

ईश्वर ही जीवमात्र का सुखकारी होने के कारण सेव्य और स्तुत्य है ॥१॥ (Seems different mantra)



7.5 Trade and Commerce

2024

The Vedas speak of merchant (vanij).

2025

The Vedas contain reference about price.

2027

The haggling of the market is seen in the Vedas.

7.6 Social responsibilities 

7.6.1 Protection of poor 

7.6.2 Absence of profiteering 

7.6.3 Protection of interests of workers 

7.6.4 Protection of interests of Farmers 

7.6.5 Protection of interests of animals 

7.6.6 Sponsorship 

7.6.7 Rejection of evil 




7.8 Quality system 

7.9 Total Quality Management 

7.10 Benchmarking 


7.12 Culture Management 

7.12.1 Cultural Practices 


7.12.3 Dance 


7.12.5 Recreation 

7.12.6 Cultural diversity 



 







7.7 Time management 

2041   5-79-9

One shall not delay to perform his tasks.

व्यु॑च्छा दुहितर्दिवो॒ मा चि॒रं त॑नुथा॒ अपः॑। नेत्त्वा॑ स्ते॒नं यथा॑ रि॒पुं तपा॑ति॒ सूरो॑ अ॒र्चिषा॒ सुजा॑ते॒ अश्व॑सूनृते ॥९॥



vy ucchā duhitar divo mā ciraṁ tanuthā apaḥ | net tvā stenaṁ yathā ripuṁ tapāti sūro arciṣā sujāte aśvasūnṛte ||

वि। उ॒च्छ॒। दु॒हि॒तः॒। दि॒वः॒। मा। चि॒रम्। त॒नु॒थाः॒। अपः॑। नः। इत्। त्वा॒। स्ते॒नम्। यथा॑। रि॒पुम्। तपा॑ति। सूरः॑। अ॒र्चिषा॑। सुऽजा॑ते। अश्व॑ऽसूनृते ॥९॥

 (सुजाते) उत्तम विद्या से प्रकट हुई (अश्वसूनृते) बड़े ज्ञान से युक्त (दिवः) प्रकाश की (दुहितः) कन्या के सदृश वर्त्तमान उत्तम आचरणवाली स्त्रि ! तू (अपः) कर्म को (चिरम्) बहुत काल पर्यन्त (मा) नहीं (तनुथाः) विस्तार कर (यथा) जैसे (रिपुम्) शत्रु को (तपाति) संतापित करती है, वैसे (स्तेनम्) चोर को सन्तापित कर और (त्वा) तुझको कोई भी (न) नहीं सन्तापयुक्त करे और जैसे (अर्चिषा) तेज से (सूरः) सूर्य सब को तपाता है, वैसे (इत्) ही तू दुष्टजनों को सन्तापित करके हम लोगों को (वि, उच्छा) अच्छे प्रकार वसाओ ॥९॥

इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जो स्त्री और पुरुष मन्द, आलसी और चोर नहीं होते हैं, वे सूर्य्य के सदृश प्रकाशित होते हैं ॥९॥


7.11 Kaizen 

2054  1-31-8

One shall improve upon the rites with new performance.

त्वं नो॑ अग्ने स॒नये॒ धना॑नां य॒शसं॑ का॒रुं कृ॑णुहि॒ स्तवा॑नः। ऋ॒ध्याम॒ कर्मा॒पसा॒ नवे॑न दे॒वैर्द्या॑वापृथिवी॒ प्राव॑तं नः ॥



tvaṁ no agne sanaye dhanānāṁ yaśasaṁ kāruṁ kṛṇuhi stavānaḥ | ṛdhyāma karmāpasā navena devair dyāvāpṛthivī prāvataṁ naḥ ||



त्वम्। नः॒। अ॒ग्ने॒। स॒नये॑। धना॑नाम्। य॒शस॑म्। का॒रुम्। कृ॒णु॒हि॒। स्तवा॑नः। ऋ॒ध्याम॑। कर्म॑। अ॒पसा॑। नवे॑न। दे॒वैः। द्या॒वा॒पृ॒थि॒वी॒ इति॑। प्र। अ॒व॒त॒म्। नः॒ ॥


हे (अग्ने) कीर्त्ति और उत्साह के प्राप्त करानेवाले जगदीश्वर वा परमेश्वरोपासक ! (स्तवानः) आप स्तुति को प्राप्त होते हुए (नः) हम लोगों के (धनानाम्) विद्या सुवर्ण चक्रवर्त्ति राज्य प्रसिद्ध धनों के (सनये) यथायोग्य कार्य्यों में व्यय करने के लिये (यशसम्) कीर्त्तियुक्त (कारुम्) उत्साह से उत्तम कर्म करनेवाले उद्योगी मनुष्य को नियुक्त (कृणुहि) कीजिये, जिससे हम लोग नवीन (अपसा) पुरुषार्थ से (नित्य) नित्य बुद्धियुक्त होते रहें और आप दोनों विद्या की प्राप्ति के लिये (देवैः) विद्वानों के साथ करते हुए (नः) हम लोगों की और (द्यावापृथिवी) सूर्य प्रकाश और भूमि को (प्रावतम्) रक्षा कीजिये ॥ ८ ॥

मनुष्यों को परमेश्वर की इस प्रकार प्रार्थना करनी चाहिये कि हे परमेश्वर ! आप कृपा करके हम लोगों में उत्तम धन देनेवाली सब शिल्पविद्या के जाननेवाले उत्तम विद्वानों को सिद्ध कीजिये, जिससे हम लोग उनके साथ नवीन-नवीन पुरुषार्थ करके पृथिवी के राज्य और सब पदार्थों से यथायोग्य उपकार ग्रहण करें ॥ ८ ॥


2055  1-105-15

Let the rite be born anew.

ब्रह्मा॑ कृणोति॒ वरु॑णो गातु॒विदं॒ तमी॑महे। व्यू॑र्णोति हृ॒दा म॒तिं नव्यो॑ जायतामृ॒तं वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी ॥



brahmā kṛṇoti varuṇo gātuvidaṁ tam īmahe | vy ūrṇoti hṛdā matiṁ navyo jāyatām ṛtaṁ vittam me asya rodasī ||



ब्रह्मा॑। कृ॒णो॒ति॒। वरु॑णः। गा॒तु॒ऽविद॑म्। तम्। ई॒म॒हे॒। वि। ऊ॒र्णो॒ति॒। हृ॒दा। म॒तिम्। नव्यः॑। जा॒य॒ता॒म्। ऋ॒तम्। वि॒त्तम्। मे॒। अ॒स्य। रो॒द॒सी॒ इति॑ ॥ १.१०५.१५


हम लोग जो (ऋतम्) सत्यस्वरूप (ब्रह्म) परमेश्वर वा (वरुणः) सबसे उत्तम विद्वान् (गातुविदम्) वेदवाणी के जाननेवाले को (कृणोति) करता है (तम्) उसको (ईमहे) याचते अर्थात् उससे माँगते हैं कि उसकी कृपा से जो (नव्यः) नवीन विद्वान् (हृदा) हृदय से (मतिम्) विशेष ज्ञान को (व्यूर्णोति) उत्पन्न करता है अर्थात् उत्तम-उत्तम रीतियों को विचारता है वह हम लोगों के बीच (जायताम्) उत्पन्न हो। शेष अर्थ प्रथम मन्त्र के तुल्य जानना चाहिये ॥ १५ ॥

किसी मनुष्य पर पिछले पुण्य इकट्ठे होने और विशेष शुद्ध क्रियमाण कर्म करने के विना परमेश्वर की दया नहीं होती और उक्त व्यवहार के विना कोई पूरी विद्या नहीं पा सकता, इससे सब मनुष्यों को परमात्मा की ऐसी प्रार्थना करनी चाहिये कि हम लोगों में परिपूर्ण विद्यावान् अच्छे-अच्छे गुण, कर्म, स्वभावयुक्त मनुष्य सदा हों। ऐसी प्रार्थना को नित्य प्राप्त हुआ परमात्मा सर्वव्यापकता से उनके आत्मा का प्रकाश करता है, यह निश्चय है ॥ १५ ॥


2056

One shall be truthful in his deeds.

2057

The rites shall be done with one accord.


7.12.2 Music 

2070

The singer shall be assisted in his holy task.


7.12.4 Sports 

2077

The Vedas contain references about horse racing.

7.13 Value System and ethical practices 

2086  10-67-2

One shall be straight forward.

ऋ॒तं शंस॑न्त ऋ॒जु दीध्या॑ना दि॒वस्पु॒त्रासो॒ असु॑रस्य वी॒राः । विप्रं॑ प॒दमङ्गि॑रसो॒ दधा॑ना य॒ज्ञस्य॒ धाम॑ प्रथ॒मं म॑नन्त ॥



ṛtaṁ śaṁsanta ṛju dīdhyānā divas putrāso asurasya vīrāḥ | vipram padam aṅgiraso dadhānā yajñasya dhāma prathamam mananta ||



ऋ॒तम् । शंस॑न्तः । ऋ॒जु । दीध्या॑नाः । दि॒वः । पु॒त्रासः॑ । असु॑रस्य । वी॒राः । विप्र॑म् । प॒दम् । अङ्गि॑रसः । दधा॑नाः । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । धाम॑ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । म॒न॒न्त॒ ॥ १०.६७.२


(ऋतं शंसन्तः) वेदज्ञान का उपदेश करते हुए (ऋजुदीध्यानाः) सरल स्वभाववाले परमात्मा का ध्यान करते हुए (दिवः-पुत्रासः) ज्ञानप्रकाशक परमात्मा के पुत्रसमान परमऋषि (असुरस्य वीराः) प्राणप्रद परमेश्वर के ज्ञानी (अङ्गिरसः) अङ्गों के स्वाधीन प्रेरित करनेवाले संयमी (विप्रं प्रदं दधानाः) विशेषरूप से तृप्त करनेवाले प्रापणीय परमात्मा को धारण करते हुए उपासक (यज्ञस्य प्रथमं धामं मनन्त) सङ्गमनीय परमात्मा के प्रमुख धाम-स्वरूप को मानते हैं ॥२॥

आदि सृष्टि में परम ऋषि वेदज्ञान का उपदेश करते हैं, वे परमात्मा के ध्यान में मग्न हुए परमात्मा के पुत्रसमान, अपनी इन्द्रियों के स्वामी-संयमी होते हैं। वे परमात्मा के स्वरूप को यथार्थरूप से जानते हैं, वैसे ही दूसरों को भी जनाते हैं ॥२॥


2094

A moral wins no riches by unworthy praise.


7.14 Corporate Governance

2099

Guile closely follows those men who are untruthful.

2102

No secrets may be hidden from one’s knowledge.


7.15 Globalization

2105

One shall not sin against a neighbor or foreigner.

2108

Improve with new performance


7.16 Productivity management 

2113  10-22-8

One who does not work is a social evil.

अ॒क॒र्मा दस्यु॑र॒भि नो॑ अम॒न्तुर॒न्यव्र॑तो॒ अमा॑नुषः । त्वं तस्या॑मित्रह॒न्वध॑र्दा॒सस्य॑ दम्भय ॥


akarmā dasyur abhi no amantur anyavrato amānuṣaḥ | tvaṁ tasyāmitrahan vadhar dāsasya dambhaya ||


अ॒क॒र्मा । दसुः॑ । अ॒भि । नः॒ । अ॒म॒न्तुः । अ॒न्यऽव्र॑तः । अमा॑नुषः । त्वम् । तस्य॑ । अ॒मि॒त्र॒ऽह॒न् । वधः॑ । दा॒सस्य॑ । द॒म्भ॒य॒ ॥ १०.२२.८


(अकर्मा) जो सत्कर्मशून्य-धर्मकर्मरहित (दस्युः) पीडक तथा (अमन्तुः) दूसरे को मान न देनेवाला गर्वित (अन्यव्रतः) अन्यथाचारी (अमानुषः) मनुष्यस्वभाव से भिन्न (नः-अभि) हमारे पर अभिभूत होता है-हमें दबाता है-सताता है (तस्य दासस्य) उस नीच जन का (वधः) जो हननसाधन है (त्वम्-अमित्रहन्) तू क्रूरजन के हन्ता परमात्मन् या राजन् ! (दम्भय) उसे नष्ट कर ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः -धर्म-कर्मरहित, गर्वित, अन्यथाचारी, मनुष्यस्वभाव से भिन्न, दूसरों को दबानेवाले, सतानेवाले को परमात्मा या राजा नष्ट किया करता है ॥८॥


7.17 Competition management 

2116

Enemies are to be crushed and subdued.

2117

One may win over war with one's kin or  stranger.

2122  2-40-5

Overcome in all encounters 

विश्वा॑न्य॒न्यो भुव॑ना ज॒जान॒ विश्व॑म॒न्यो अ॑भि॒चक्षा॑ण एति। सोमा॑पूषणा॒वव॑तं॒ धियं॑ मे यु॒वाभ्यां॒ विश्वाः॒ पृत॑ना जयेम॥



viśvāny anyo bhuvanā jajāna viśvam anyo abhicakṣāṇa eti | somāpūṣaṇāv avataṁ dhiyam me yuvābhyāṁ viśvāḥ pṛtanā jayema ||



विश्वा॑नि। अ॒न्यः। भु॒व॒ना। ज॒जान॑। विश्व॑म्। अ॒न्यः। अ॒भि॒ऽचक्षा॑णः। ए॒ति॒। सोमा॑पूषणौ। अव॑तम्। धिय॑म्। मे॒। यु॒वाभ्या॑म्। विश्वाः॑। पृत॑नाः। ज॒ये॒म॒॥


हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! जो (अन्यः) भिन्न भाग (विश्वानि) समस्त (भुवना) लोकों में प्रसिद्ध पदार्थों को (जजान) उत्पन्न करता जो (अन्यः) और (अभिचक्षाणः) प्रकट वाणी का विषय (विश्वम्) संसार को (एति) प्राप्त होता उन दोनों (सोमापूषणौ) शान्ति और पुष्टि गुणवाले वायु का उपदेश देकर (मे) मेरी (धियम्) बुद्धि की तुम दोनों (अवतम्) रक्षा करो जिससे (युवाभ्याम्) तुम दोनों के साथ हम लोग (विश्वाः) समस्त (पृतनाः) मनुष्यों को (जयेम) उत्कर्ष दें ॥५॥


जो वायु सब लोकों को धरता और जो शब्द प्रयोग वा श्रवण का निमित्त है, उसके विज्ञान कराने से सब मनुष्यों की उन्नति करनी चाहिये ॥५॥


7.18 Change management 


2126  10-85-27

Be vigilant, closely united, happy and prosperous in the new environment

इ॒ह प्रि॒यं प्र॒जया॑ ते॒ समृ॑ध्यताम॒स्मिन्गृ॒हे गार्ह॑पत्याय जागृहि । ए॒ना पत्या॑ त॒न्वं१॒॑ सं सृ॑ज॒स्वाधा॒ जिव्री॑ वि॒दथ॒मा व॑दाथः ॥



iha priyam prajayā te sam ṛdhyatām asmin gṛhe gārhapatyāya jāgṛhi | enā patyā tanvaṁ saṁ sṛjasvādhā jivrī vidatham ā vadāthaḥ ||


इ॒ह । प्रि॒यम् । प्र॒ऽजया॑ । ते॒ । सम् । ऋ॒ध्य॒ता॒म् । अ॒स्मिन् । गृ॒हे । गार्ह॑ऽपत्याय । जा॒गृ॒हि॒ । ए॒ना । पत्या॑ । त॒न्व॑म् । सम् । सृ॒ज॒स्व॒ । अध॑ । जिव्री॒ इति॑ । वि॒दथ॑म् । आ । व॒दा॒थः॒ ॥ १०.८५.२७


इह ते प्रियम्) हे वधू ! इस पतिगृह में तेरा अभीष्ट (प्रजया समृध्यताम्) सन्तति के साथ समृद्ध हो (अस्मिन् गृहे) इस घर में (गार्हपत्याय, जागृहि) गृहस्थ कर्म के लिये सावधान हो-संयम से गृहस्थकर्म आचरण कर (एना पत्या) इस पति के साथ (तन्वं संसृज) स्वशरीर को सम्पृक्त कर-संयुक्त कर (अध) पुनः (जिव्री) तुम दोनों जीर्ण-वृद्ध हुए भी (विदथम्) परस्पर सहानुभूतिवचन (आवदाथः) भलीभाँति बोलो ॥२७॥

स्त्री का अभीष्ट पतिगृह में है, जो सन्तान के साथ पूरा होता है, गृहस्थ संयम से करना चाहिए, वरवधू वृद्ध होने पर भी मीठा हितकर बोलें ॥२७॥


2127  10-85-36

Bring happy fortune to the new environment.

गृ॒भ्णामि॑ ते सौभग॒त्वाय॒ हस्तं॒ मया॒ पत्या॑ ज॒रद॑ष्टि॒र्यथास॑: । भगो॑ अर्य॒मा स॑वि॒ता पुरं॑धि॒र्मह्यं॑ त्वादु॒र्गार्ह॑पत्याय दे॒वाः ॥



gṛbhṇāmi te saubhagatvāya hastam mayā patyā jaradaṣṭir yathāsaḥ | bhago aryamā savitā puraṁdhir mahyaṁ tvādur gārhapatyāya devāḥ ||



गृ॒भ्णामि॑ । ते॒ । सौ॒भ॒ग॒ऽत्वाय॑ । हस्त॑म् । मया॑ । पत्या॑ । ज॒रत्ऽअ॑ष्टिः । यथा॑ । असः॑ । भगः॑ । अ॒र्य॒मा । स॒वि॒ता । पुर॑म्ऽधिः । मह्य॑म् । त्वा॒ । अ॒दुः॒ । गार्ह॑ऽपत्याय । दे॒वाः ॥ १०.८५.३६


(ते हस्तम्) हे वधू ! तेरे हाथ को (सौभगत्वाय गृभ्णामि) सौभाग्य के लिये मैं पति ग्रहण करता हूँ (मया पत्या) मुझ पति के साथ (यथा जरदष्टिः-असः) जैसे ही तू जरापर्यन्त सुख भोगनेवाली हो (भगः-अर्यमा सविता) ऐश्वर्यवान् परमात्मा, पुरोहित, जनक-तेरा पिता (पुरन्धिः-देवाः) नगरधारक राजकर्मचारी, ये सब देवभूत पूजनीय महानुभाव (गार्हपत्याय) गृहस्थाश्रम के पति होने के लिये (त्वा मह्यम्-अदुः) तुझे मेरे लिये देते हैं ॥३६॥

विवाहसम्बन्ध परमात्मा के आदेशानुसार पुरोहित, पिता, नगराधिकारी इनके साक्षित्व में होना चाहिए। पति-पत्नी का सम्बन्ध गृहस्थ में एक दूसरे को जरापर्यन्त पालन के ढंग का होता है ॥३६॥


2128

The old wakes up the young from slumber.

7.19 Managing oneself 

7.20 Summary 

Chapter 8. Vedic Model of Excellence

2132

Act with one mind and one thought

2133

Deeds shall be pure

2134

One who does not work is a social evil.

2135

Rigveda tells to strive for harmony, understanding and togetherness. Universal brotherhood is prescribed by it.

"Common be your prayers. Common be your goal.

2195

One recites rigveda

2211

One builds a ship with oars to support



2094.


-------------------------------------------------



44. Sam 6-52-5

वि॒श्व॒दानीं॑ सु॒मन॑सः स्याम॒ पश्ये॑म॒ नु सूर्य॑मु॒च्चर॑न्तम् । तथा॑ कर॒द्वसु॑पति॒र्वसू॑नां दे॒वाँ ओहा॒नोऽव॒साग॑मिष्ठः ॥५॥

Kannan says "Always be health-minded."

68 Sam 7-8-5

Nourish the body.

73. 7-8-5

Prayers are offered for the well-being of the various parts of the human body.

85. 1-11-2

Live fearlessly

92. 10-18-6

Live fully and find delight in old age.

122. 10-31-2

One should counsel himself with his own mental power.

125. 8-19-20

Mind should be uplifted.

126. 6-52-5

Be health-minded throughout all days.

127. 10-64-7

Perform with one mind and thought.

145. 6-52-5

Always be healthy-minded.


165. 10-117-1

Gods have not destined hunger to be one's death.

182. 10-117-1

Death approaches even a well nourished man in different ways.

199. 1-164-48

The fellies (months) are twelve, the wheel (year) is single and the spokes (days) are three hundred and sixty.

214. 5-79-9

Do tasks without any delay.

218. 1-125-1

Getting up early morning fetches wealth.

253. 1-44-8

256. 4-51-11

260. 10-85-1

283. 10-151-4

284. 10-151-5


285. 10-151-4

287. 10-151-2

297. 10-103-6

298. 8-31-13

299. 9-86-29

300. 8-75-5

302. 3-54-3

303. 1-24-10

304. 8-25-17

305. 5-69-4



308. 1-41-4

309. 1-123-13

310.5-62-1

311. 5-68-4

312. 7-63-3

313. 7-27-16

314. 8-27-16

316. 1-51-8

324. 7-62-6

328. 4-51-11



333. 7-62-5

338. 1-51-8

345. 7-62-2

346. 9-77-5

351. 10-18-10

375. 10-190-1


410. 7-86-6

416. 1-38-6

420. 10-34-13

432. 7-48-14

433. 7-2-18

434. 10-134-7

435. 5-2-6

439. 1-24-4

440. 10-63-13

450. 9-73-6

451. 7-21-5

462. 7-86-5

482

485

486

488

489

503

504

508

513

516

520

522

523

525

540

568

570

572

579

586

598

620

652

664

665

669

670

671

672

673

699

716

788

789

790

791

793

795

798

800

801

802

803

804

805

807

809

811

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813

816

817

818

822

824

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828

829

830

831

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833

834

835

836

837

838

839

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873

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875

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881

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885

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890

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897

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901

to

911

913

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922

to

933

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to

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to

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to

974

977

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980

981

985

986

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to

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994

1003

to

1029

1032

1035

1036

to

1043


1045

to

1054

1056

to

1068

1075

1079

1081 

to

1092

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1095

1097

to

1103

1120

1121

1124

1127

1128

1129

1131

to

1140

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1147

1148

1152

1155

1157

1157a

1158

1159

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to

1168

1172

to

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1178

to

1182

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to

1188a

1190

to

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to

1300

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to

1343

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1365a

1368

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1371

1389

1390

1391

1393

1396

1409a

1418

1432

1433

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1444a

1444b

1453

1455

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1471

to

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1598

1604

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1673

1675

1686

1702

1711


Chapter 6 Veda and Modern Business Management Principles

1787 9-112-1

The ways of men are variegated and all have diverse thoughts and plans.

1788     10-90-12

A person with the mental temperament of a Brahmana ideally suited for planning any task.


1794      10-101-2

Prepare the implements, make everything ready and move forward.


1797  - repeat 1788


1805           1-17-4

Powers shall be shared.


1808        10-191-2

People shoud assemble and talk together with minds of common accord.


1809        10-191-3

The place, the assembly, the mind and the thought should be the same and united.



1810        10-191-4

The resolution should be common, minds and thought be united so that all may happily concur.


1811        5-59-6  

With no eldest, no youngest,no middlemost, they have grown in might.   


1812        5-60-5

None among them is eldest or youngest.



1815

The leader is the does of many deeds for the benefit of others.


1816

He is the doer of glorious and great deeds


1817

He is the all-rounder.


1818

He shares powers


1819

He destroys the foes


1820

Leader shall be for the benefit of his followers.


1821

The kindness of the leader guides the followers


1822

He hears the words of his followers



1823

He is a thinker


1824

He corrects the failures of his followers


1825

He is rigtheous


1826

He is never niggardly in thought


1827

He inspires gracious thought.


1828

He is most liberal


1829

He defeats evil enemies.


1830

He knows, directs others property.


1831

He is very wise.


1832

He provides total freedom to others. 


1837

Be tge highest, having gained the leader's strength in war and skill in peace.


1849

The vedas speak of thirty three devas comprising 8 vasus, 11 Rudras, 12 Adityas, Prajapati and Vasatkara.

1850

In addition to this many Gods as well as Goddesses are addressed by the Vedas. The Rg Veda speaks of Pusan, Pavamana, Varuna, Mitra, Maruts, Asvins, Vayu, Brhaspati, Savitar, Sarasvati, Heaven, Earth, Vidhatar, Aditi, Aryanman, INdra, visnu, (1850) Visvedeva (1851) and Bhaga 1852).

1851


1852


1853

The three hundred and thirty nine deities serve and onour Agni.

1855

Agni assigns each God his appropriate season

1863

Ancient Gods unanimously share.

1864

The Rg Vedic declaration that, "They speak of Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni as well as the divine bird Garutman, Yama and Matarisvan: Truth is one, sages call it by various names "(Ekam sat, vipra bahudha vadanti) is the core unifying factor despite the multitude of Gods.

1868

All shall be united like spokes of car-wheel in one nave.

1869

Every one should help and extend assistance to others.

1870

The thoughts shall be united.

1871

All should unite.

1872

Speak for brotherhood.

1873 9-63-5

Perform noble work and strengthen the leader.

1875 10-85-42 

Rejoice, sport and play with sons and grandsons.

1876  10-191-3

A common purpose is laid before one.

1881  6-75-6

Have the strength of controlling reins.

1884  8-26-22

There shall be control over wealth

1886  3-30-12

Budgets are formal quantitative statements of the resources set aside for carrying out planned activities over given periods of time.

1887   5-55-1

Swift horses are to be easily controlled.

1889  10-2-4

Agni corrects the faults and failures.

1794      10-101-2

1797  - repeat 1788

1805           1-17-4

1808        10-191-2

1809        10-191-3

1810        10-191-4

1811        5-59-6     

1812        5-60-5

1815

1816

1817

1818

1819

1820

1821

1822

1823

1824

1825

1826

1827

1828

1829

1830

1831

1832

1837

1849

1850

1851

1852

1853

1855

1863

1864

1868

1869

1870

1871

1872

1873 9-63-5

1875 10-85-42 

1876  10-191-3

1881  6-75-6

1884  8-26-22

1886  3-30-12

1887   5-55-1

1889  10-2-4

Additional Materials


https://swissentrepreneursmagazine.com/index.php/2018/12/13/dr-frawley-speaks-about-his-work-and-vision-for-vedic-management/


The Rishi as the Vedic Model of Leadership

Dr David Frawley

December 22, 2017

https://www.vedanet.com/the-rishi-as-the-vedic-model-of-leadership/



A VEDIC INTEGRATION OF TRANSITIONS IN MANAGEMENT THOUGHT: TOWARDS TRANSCENDENTAL MANAGEMENT @BULLET

January 2005

Project: Spirituality in Management, Leadership and Human Development

Authors:

Subhash Sharma

Indus Business Academy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304885202_A_VEDIC_INTEGRATION_OF_TRANSITIONS_IN_MANAGEMENT_THOUGHT_TOWARDS_TRANSCENDENTAL_MANAGEMENT_BULLET


Revisiting Vedic management

Applied Mythology

By Devdutt Pattanaik  

Published on 12th September, 2015, in the Economic Times.


https://www.aryasamajindore.com/component/tags/tag/vedic-management



Better Management & Effective Leadership Through the Indian Scriptures


Narayanji Misra

Pustak Mahal, 18-Sept-2007 - Management in literature - 207 pages

Management as a subject and various theories associated with it are largely considered as brainchild of the West. the moment this topic is raised, the names of western thinkers, such as F.W. Taylor, Robert Owen and Peter F. Drucker, come to our mind. However, the fact is that all the management theories and hypotheses propounded so far, draw heavily from the Indian scriptures. Indian sages and gurus, like Sukra, Kautilya and Vedavyas laid the foundation to better management through their literary works as early as in the pre-Christian era. This book, Better Management and Effective Leadership through the Indian Scriptures, aims at discovering the treasure hidden in the Indian texts, making the management scholars all over the world feel proud of our literary heritage and appreciate the farsightedness of the Indian thinkers. It is an endeavour to reveal that, be it in any sphere of academics, Indian scholars were in no way secondary to their western counterparts; they were rather the precursors.

http://www.businessworld.in/article/Modern-Vis-vis-Vedic-Approach-To-Management/15-06-2016-99213/


https://xn--j2b3a4c.com/rigveda/1/11/2


https://www.aurobindo.ru/workings/matherials/rigveda/


Ud 7.5.2022, 21.12.2021, 10 Dec 2021

Pib 29 Oct 2021









September 18, 2024

Cognitive Resources Theory of Leadership

Organizational behavior article

Fiedler, Garcia, and Vecchio have focused attention on the role of intellectual and other cognitive abilities on leader performance in the Cognitive Resources Theory (CRT).
________________________________________________________________



Fiedler, Garcia, and Vecchio have focused attention on the role of intellectual and other cognitive abilities on leader performance in the Cognitive Resources Theory (CRT).

Theory

This theory identifies cognitive resources or variables of a leader that are related to organizational performance.

Intelligence and experience are two key variables in the theory. Intelligence is one's overall effectiveness as measured by standard IQ tests. Experience includes learned behaviors and skills that are acquired over the years by performing various tasks. These two variables can impact teams performance depending on the level of stress present. Stress is defined as the level of interpersonal conflict and concerns about performance with superiors. Stress can also be there  during organizational disruptions as during mergers, reorganizations and transitions.

Hypotheses


The theory provides the following hypotheses:

Leader IQ can contribute positively to team performance when the leader is directive. That is, the group can benefit from the leader's experience only if they follow his/her guidance, especially regarding complex tasks.

Stress moderates the relationship between IQ and performance. That is, intelligence is an asset in low and moderate stress situations; under high stress, intellectual skills can become impaired and detract from or have no effect on a group's performance.

Leader experience is related positively to performance in high-stress situations but not in low-stress ones. That is, under high stress a leader can fall back on tried-and-true experiences they have acquired, and thereby help group performance. In low stress situations, they may rely too much on past experience.

References


Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, New York, 9th Edition, pp.586-87


Web References

 
http://faculty.css.edu/dswenson/web/LEAD/cogresourcetheory.html

_______________________________________________________________________

Ud. 19.9.2024
Pub. 6.12.2011


Originally posted in
http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/cognitive-resources-theory-of-leadership/  2utb2lsm2k7a/ 43

September 13, 2024

Political Strategies in Use for Acquiring and Using Power in Organizations


Definition of politics in organizations


Luthans proposes the following definition describing it as a comprehensive definition drawn from the literature.


"Organizational politics consists of intentional acts of influence undertaken by individuals or groups to enhance or protect their self-interest when conflicting courses of action are possible."


Strategies for acquiring and using power for political purposes


Maintain alliances with powerful people


Embrace or demolish


Exhibiting confidence


Divide and rule


Manipulate classified information


Accumulate and use IOUs


Attacking and blaming others


Progress one step at a time


Wait for a crisis


Take counsel with caution


Be aware of critical resources and controlling them


Building personal stature


Withdrawing from petty disputes


Creating a sponsor-protégé relationship

Using research data to support one’s point of view



Reference


Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior




Ud. 14.9.2024
Pub. 24.11.2011  Post changed from Google Knol to this blog.

July 10, 2023

Leadership - Subject Update



2023

Passionate People, Powerful Results: CEO's Guide to Motivating and Inspiring Teams
DAMON BAKER
Founder & CEO at Lean Focus | Transforming Businesses for Good
July 10, 2023

2022

What Makes Great Leaders? Ask the People Who Work for Them
June 21, 2022
Five core characteristics shine through.
John Baird
Edward Sullivan

The following is an excerpt from the new book Leading with Heart: 5 Conversations That Unlock Creativity, Purpose, and Results by John Baird and Edward Sullivan (Harper Business: 2022).

1. They are aware of their people’s needs. 

2. They confront their people’s fears. 

3. They understand their own desires and what drives their people. 

4. They leverage their gifts. 

5. They connect with purpose.


Interesting ideas
https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/how-do-you-know-whether-you-have-true-leadership-skills/

https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/7-things-you-should-never-take-for-granted-in-your-leadership/


Gallup 2022  - 7 People Management Skills You Need to Succeed This Year
JANUARY 28, 2022
7 People Management Skills You Need to Succeed This Year
BY RYAN PENDELL AND SARA VANDER HELM


Build relationships. 
Create partnerships, build trust, share ideas and accomplish work.

Develop people. 
Help others become more effective through strengths, expectations and coaching.

Lead change. 
Embrace change and set goals that align with a stated vision.

Inspire others. 
Encourage others through positivity, vision, confidence, challenges and recognition.

Think critically. 
Gather and evaluate information that leads to smart decisions.

Communicate clearly. 
Share information regularly and concisely.

Create accountability. 
Hold yourself and your team responsible for performance.

Don't try to improve all of your team management skills at once.
Choose one of the seven competencies to focus on each quarter. 
Apply your talents to develop strength in each area. 

Authors 
Ryan Pendell is a Workplace Science Writer at Gallup.
Sara Vander Helm is Performance Manager for Content at Gallup.



2021

Why People Follow the Leader: The Power of Transference
by Michael Maccoby
From the HBR Magazine (September 2004)

Top 21 Leadership Qualities

Leaders today are tasked with delivering results, understanding people and creating/maintaining their image or personal brand.Leaders today are tasked with delivering results, understanding people and creating/maintaining their image or personal brand.



6 Leadership Paradoxes for the Post-Pandemic Era
by Paul Leinwand, Mahadeva Matt Mani, and Blair Sheppard
April 23, 2021
HBR

Leaders need new skills and capabilities. 

Strategic Executor
Leaders must be strategic executors, balancing vision with execution. 

Humble Hero
Second, they must be humble heroes, willing to make bold decisions while being great listeners and champions of inclusivity. 

Tech-Savvy Humanist
Third, they must be tech-savvy humanists, adopting new technologies while understanding and caring for their people. 

Traditioned Innovator
Fourth, they must be traditioned innovators, preserving the mission and purpose of their companies while pushing innovation to the extreme. 

High-Integrity Politician
Fifth, they must be high-integrity politicians, willing to compromise, accrue support, and form coalitions while doing so with the utmost integrity. 

Globally-Minded Localist
Finally, they must be globally-minded localists, expanding their reach while also looking for privileged insights into their own customers.
https://hbr.org/2021/04/6-leadership-paradoxes-for-the-post-pandemic-era

Leadership: In Pursuit of Purpose.
Rune Todnem 
Journal of Change Management 
Reframing Leadership and Organizational Practice
Volume 21, 2021 - Issue 1: Changing Leadership in Changing Times – Part 1, Pages 30-44.
Has historical account of leadership theory development.
Full article for reading.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14697017.2021.1861698


Compassionate Leadership Is Necessary — but Not Sufficient
by Rasmus Hougaard, Jacqueline Carter, and Nick Hobson
December 04, 2020, HBR

For effective leadership, compassion must be combined with wisdom.

By wisdom, we mean leadership competence, a deep understanding of what motivates people and how to manage them to deliver on agreed priorities.

Leaders operating have to balance concern for their people with the need to move their organizations forward in an efficient, productive manner.




2019

How to Be a Leader Everyone Loves to Work With
https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/how-to-be-a-leader-everyone-loves-to-work-with/

Care about the people along with the process and results.
Listen instead of thinking I  know it all.
Empower and make others feel good about themselves and their contribution to group activity.
Create small wins - Appreciate and Celebrate.
Display high EQ instead of only high IQ.


Buddhist tradition describes three styles of compassionate leadership

Buddhist tradition describes three styles of compassionate leadership: the trailblazer, who leads from the front, takes risks, and sets an example; the ferryman, who accompanies those in his care and shapes the ups and downs of the crossing; and the shepherd, who sees every one of his flock into safety before himself. Three styles, three approaches, but what they have in common is an all-encompassing concern for the welfare of those they lead. - Dalai Lama., 2019, HBR article

Making others better as a result of your presence, your communication, your direction, decision and action  are at the heart of leadership.

Leadership is not wielding authority; it's empowering others.

It is the ability to transfer power. It is the ability to make others powerful.
Lolly Doskal - TedX Talk
2018
________________

________________

4 Ways to make sure people working for you love you.

1. Create a work place you love as a person.
2. Encourage creativity and involvement.
3. Don't focus only on pay, make work flexible and comfortable
4. Give rest breaks and allow persons to recover from fatigue. Insert work gaps for even small durations.
https://www.inc.com/amy-vetter/4-ways-to-make-sure-people-love-working-for-you.html

Seven Stages of Strategic Leadership
https://www.strategy-business.com/article/The-seven-stages-of-strategic-leadership

30-second activities for Leaders


Leaders do not to have a lot of free time on their hands to spend with their followers. .

That’s where the 30-second activities become very useful. There’s a lot you can do in 30 seconds.

In 30 seconds you can a big impact.

You could…

Give 30 seconds of encouragement.

Give 30 seconds of conveying value of a team member.

Give 30 seconds of acknowledgment.

Give 30 seconds of gratitude.

Give 30 seconds of praise.

Give 30 seconds to change their attitude. No matter what’s in their past, they can always become the best version of themselves.

When leaders acknowledge the role and contribution of team members,  leadership becomes memorable and impactful.

https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/30-second-challenge-every-leader-accept/



2018


Be selfless - Be compassionate

Become Better Leader – Human Relations First Perspective

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qZL-eQLqP8
_________________

_________________


Leading So People Will Follow You - The six key behaviour related attributes

Far-sightedness, passion, courage, wisdom, generosity, and trustworthiness
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2018/07/leading-so-people-will-follow-erika.html



Leadership Coach and Author: Lolly Daskal

Founder and CEO of Lead From Within. Her proprietary leadership program is based on a mix of modern philosophy, science, and nearly thirty years coaching top executives, Lolly’s perspective on leadership continues to break new ground and produce exceptional results.

Lolly was designated a:
Top-50 Leadership and Management Expert by Inc.com
100 Great Leadership Speakers for Your Next by Inc. magazine.
Huffington Post honored Lolly with the title of The Most Inspiring Woman in the World.
Her writing has appeared in HBR, Inc.com, Fast Company (Ask The Expert), Huffington Post,
and Psychology Today, and others.
Lolly Daskal’s new book, The Leadership Gap: What Gets Between You and Your Greatness is
a Wall Street Journal Bestseller.
Previous bestseller is Thoughts Spoken From the Heart

Recently circulated articles of Lolly Daskal

50 Forms of Dysfunction in the Workplace
https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/50-forms-of-dysfunction-in-the-workplace/

61 Ways to Get Your Employees Super Engaged
https://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/61-ways-to-get-your-employees-super-engaged/

JUN 15, 2018
In Leadership, Influence Is Not A Given
Michelle Braden

MSBCoach CEO, author of 3 leadership books, committed to inspire/challenge leaders, maximize engagement, and impact organizational success.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2018/06/15/in-leadership-influence-is-not-a-given/

Servant Leadership for 21st Century

________________

________________




Leadership is not wielding authority; it's empowering others.

6 Mantras That Will Set You Apart as a Genuine Leader
https://www.inc.com/lolly-daskal/6-smart-mantras-that-will-set-you-apart-as-a-leader.html

To create the right climate, you need leadership, not GREEDership.

http://www.noelaferguson.com/blog-single-170606.php

2017


December 2017

If You Aspire to Be a Great Leader, Be Present
Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter
HBR, DECEMBER 13, 2017
https://hbr.org/2017/12/if-you-aspire-to-be-a-great-leader-be-present?

Nov 11, 2016 Accenture Veterans Day Keynote
________________


________________

________________

________________


RASMUS HOUGAARD AT MINDFUL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT – WASHINGTON DC

________________

________________

The Potential Project Upload

August 2017

 Leadership Instincts: Listen, Amplify, Include
General Martin E. Dempsey
August 25, 2017
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/leadership-instincts-listen-amplify-include-general-martin-e-dempsey

22 Qualities That Make a Great Leader
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/270486

June 2017

The 10 (and a Half) Commandments of Leadership

10 Questions Great Bosses ask periodically
https://leadingwithtrust.com/2017/04/30/10-questions-great-bosses-regularly-ask-their-people/

The Dynamics of 8 Different Styles of Leadership
April 11, 2017 - by  Paul E. Fein
https://www.td.org/Publications/Blogs/Management-Blog/2017/04/The-Dynamics-of-8-Different-Styles-of-Leadership

Four Behaviors That Define Successful Leaders
Elena Lytkina Botelho

May 2017

45 Questions Every Leader Should Answer

By Frank Sonnenberg
http://www.franksonnenbergonline.com/blog/45-questions-every-leader-should-answer/

Good Bosses Switch Between Two Leadership Styles

Jon Maner
Jon Maner is a professor of management and organizations at Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.
DECEMBER 05, 2016, HBR Article

The two styles are termed Dominance and Prestige. They could have been termed Single Person Dominance (Lone Boxer) and Team Decision Making (Foot Ball Team).
https://hbr.org/2016/12/good-bosses-switch-between-two-leadership-styles

Related
http://jon-maner-dev.squarespace.com/publications-case/the-essential-tension-between-leadership-and-power

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sex-murder-and-the-meaning-life/201606/what-kind-leader-are-you

http://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/01/bossy-vs-buddy-two-leadership-styles-each-with-its-place.html



2016

http://www.leadershipissues.com/

Leadership Freak - A popular blog on leadership      https://leadershipfreak.blog/

What Great Managers Do Daily

Ryan Fuller & Nina Shikaloff
HBR
DECEMBER 14, 2016
https://hbr.org/2016/12/what-great-managers-do-daily

Decoding Leadership: What really matters


Our most recent research, however, suggests that a small subset of leadership skills closely correlates with leadership success, particularly among frontline leaders. Using our own practical experience and searching the relevant academic literature, we came up with a comprehensive list of 20 distinct leadership traits. We did a survey and  found  that leaders in organizations with high-quality leadership teams typically displayed 4 of the 20 possible types of behavior; these 4, indeed, explained 89 percent of the variance between strong and weak organizations in terms of leadership effectiveness .

• Solving problems effectively: The process that precedes decision making is problem solving, when information is gathered, analyzed, and considered.

• Operating with a strong results orientation: Leadership is about not only developing and communicating a vision and setting objectives but also following through to achieve results. Leaders with a strong results orientation tend to emphasize the importance of efficiency and productivity and to prioritize the highest-value work.

• Seeking different perspectives: This trait is conspicuous in managers who monitor trends affecting organizations, grasp changes in the environment, encourage employees to contribute ideas that could improve performance, accurately differentiate between important and unimportant issues, and give the appropriate weight to stakeholder concerns. Leaders who do well on this dimension typically base their decisions on sound analysis and avoid the many biases to which decisions are prone.


2015





The Art of Giving and Receiving Advice.


Periodical
By: Garvin, David A.; Margolis, Joshua D. Harvard Business Review. Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 93 Issue 1/2, p60-71.


Seeking and giving advice are central to effective leadership and decision making, and they require emotional intelligence, self-awareness, restraint, diplomacy, and patience on both sides. In this article, the authors argue that they are practical skills one  can learn and apply to great effect. The most common obstacles to effectively seeking and giving advice are  thinking one already has the answers, defining the problem poorly, and overstepping boundaries.  They  offer practical guidelines for getting past them.


Five stages of advising are identified: (1) finding the right fit; (2) developing a shared understanding; (3) crafting alternatives; (4) converging on a decision; and (5) putting advice into action. Each stage includes suggestions for seekers and for advisers.



The Authenticity Paradox. 

By: Ibarra, Herminia. Harvard Business Review. Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 93 Issue 1/2, p52-59.

INSEAD professor Herminia Ibarra argues, a simplistic understanding of what authenticity means can limit leaders' growth and impact.  In this article, Ibarra explains how leaders can develop an "adaptively authentic" style.  It's OK to change tactics from one day to the next, she says by figuring  out what's right for the challenges and circumstances we face.




2014

July

The Skills Leaders Need at Every Level

by Jack Zenger and Joseph Folkman
HBR Blog Post
16 Skills are listed in order of importance. Top 7 are said to be important.

1. Inspires and motivates others.
2. Displays high integrity and honesty
3. Solves problems and analyzes issues
4. Drives for results
5. Communicates powerfully and prolifically
6. Collaborates and promotes teamwork
7. Builds relationships
http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/07/the-skills-leaders-need-at-every-level/

Leadership Development Beyond Competencies: Moving to a Holistic Approach
Marian N. Ruderman, Cathleen Klerkin, and Carol Connelly
Center for Creative Leadership - White Paper
http://www.ccl.org/leadership/pdf/research/LeadershipDevelopmentCompetencies.pdf

Book review of Jane Dutton and Gretchen Spreitzer, How to Be a Positive Leader: Small Actions, Big Impact.
http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/kathryn-britton/2014073029174





2013

December

How to be a better boss?

Ask a person whether he wants to recommend his boss to his friends as the ideal boss to work under.
http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-to-be-a-better-boss/

May
Knowledge@Wharton article
Social Technology and the Changing Context of Leadership
Social technology is changing the way leaders do conversations with their group members especially in large organizations. The article presents ideas on this issue
http://wlp.wharton.upenn.edu/LeadershipDigest/social-technology.cfm

2012
Sloan Management Review Article Spring, March 2012

How to Become a Better Leader

The article describes Big 5 Personality factors and use of them in developing oneself as a better leader.
http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-to-become-a-better-leader/


Leadership Basic Articles

Organizational Behavior Articles

Theories of Leadership 
Cognitive Resources Theory of Leadership
Leadership Styles, Roles, Activities, Skills and Development

Principles of Management Articles


Updated  2021, 9 Nov 2021,

2019 - 25 December 2019, 25 August 2019, 4 August 2019, 29 April 2019,  19 January 2019,

2018 - 15 July 2018, 10 July 2018,  8 February,  28 January

22 December 2017,  22 August 2017,  24 June 2017,  6 June 2017,  29 May 2017,  22 February 2017, 6 December 2016, 12 October 2016, 10 December 2015