The Economic Theory of Entrepreneurship - Model - Introduction, Assumptions and Propositions

The Economic Theory of Entrepreneurship - Model - Introduction,  Assumptions and Propositions - Version 1

27 October 2018
Prof. Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.

Introduction

Economic theory is developed on the basis of four factors of production. The four factors are land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship.  The factors are owned by some or other persons in the economy at a given point of time. In every period of production, these four factors participate and the production output of the period is distributed to them according to the contracts that they make at the beginning of the production period.

Land and capital are tangible assets separate from persons and they can be given to others. Labor and entrepreneurship are attached to persons and their use implies participation of persons.

Entrepreneur enters into a contract with the owners or holders of land, capital and labor and acquires the required amount to participate in his plan of production. Entrepreneur distributes the proceeds of rewards after the production period is over and sales takes place and the consumers pay him the exchange value.  The way entrepreneurship is described or modeled in the economic theory, implies that there is an active credit market through which entrepreneurs acquire other factors of production.

All owners of factors of production have to survive till they get returns from production and exchange process. Hence, we need to assume that there is enough consumption goods stock with the owners of production to consume during the production cycle.

Entrepreneur tasks.

1. Should be able to come out with a production and exchange plan that is feasible at expected value level and satisfies the desires of owners of factors of production and consumers.

2. He must create trust in the owners of factors of production so that they provide their goods and services on credit to him.

3. He must have trust in potential customers so that he gives his produce on credit to them.

4. He must have the ability to collect exchange value  from the customers to whom he sold his produce on credit.

What are the questions to be answered by the economic theory of entrepreneurship?

1. Supply of entrepreneurship services.
2. Demand for entrepreneurship services.
3. Reward to entrepreneurship.
4. Growth and decline of entrepreneurship services
5. Role of entrepreneurship in economic growth of society.

Managerial Tasks of an Entrepreneur

Management theory has application in the economic theory of entrepreneurship.  Entrepreneurs have to undertake managerial tasks to successfully complete the cycle of entrepreneurship. The cycle of entrepreneurship is  -----------  Production and Exchange Plan - Communication of the Plan to  Owners of Factors of Production - Acquisition of Factors of Production - Execution of Production Process - Communication of Product/Service Information in the Market - Selling - Collection of the Exchange Value - Payment to Owners of Factors of Production. 

The Cycle of Entrepreneurship

Production and Exchange Plan - Communication of the Plan to  Owners of Factors of Production - Acquisition of Factors of Production - Execution of Production Process - Communication of Product/Service Information in the Market - Selling - Collection of the Exchange Value - Payment to Owners of Factors of Production.

Bibliography - The Economic Theory of Entrepreneurship

Nash, S. J.,
Thesis title : On entrepreneurship : a critique of the economic theories of entrepreneurship
School of Economics, University of Queensland, 1987-01-01
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:222083


Formaini, Robert L.
The Engine of Capitalist Process: Entrepreneurs in Economic Theory
Economic and Financial Review, Fourth Quarter 2001, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas


Khalil, Elias
Entrepreneurship and Economic Theory
Munich Personal Repec Archive
October 2016
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24114234_Entrepreneurship_and_Economic_Theory/download


Rocha Very Caterina
The Entrepreneur in Economic Theory: From an Invisible Man Toward a New Research Field.
FEP Working Papers, No. 459, May 2012
School of Economics and Management, University of Porto.


Gunter, Frank R.
A Simple Model of Entrepreneurship for Principles of Economics Courses
Expanded version of the article published in the Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2012, pp. 1-11.




Tiryaki, Ahmet
Theories of Entrepreneurship: A Critical Overview
Paper avaiable on Web/Internet


Campagnollo, Gilles, & Vivel, Christel
The Foundations of the Theory of Entrepreneurship in Austrian Economics - Menger, Bohm-Bawerk on entrepreneur

Self Motivation - Intrinsic Motivation

Self motivation is included by Daniel Goleman as a component of Emotional Intelligence.

Fred Luthans, the noted author of Organization Behavior, writes that intrinsic motives are internally generated. The motivators are presented in the task or job itself and other extrinsic rewards promised by others are not required for the motivation to do the task. The feeling associated with the completion of the task or doing the task itself such as feeling of responsibility, achievement, accomplishment, learnt something,  and feeling challenged etc.



Bibliography

https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-motivation/


https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rnfFFRH6oOsC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false


https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ocEm10E0VoQC&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false


https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-management-and-organization/article/testing-the-links-between-emotional-intelligence-and-motivation/B0BF1FF537ABA86DC6913D1884EAAB2D

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2011/Emotional_intelligence

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/developing-your-eq-part-2-self-motivation-anke-exner

Intrinsic Motivation

A person is intrinsically motivated to engage in behavior if he does it for no apparent reason except the activity itself (Koch 1956, Hunt 1965, Berlyne 1966). Engaging in these behaviors allows him to feel a sense of competence and self-determination (White 1959, de Charms, 1968, Deci 1972a).



Berlyne D.E., Exploration and Curiosity, Science, 1966, 153, 25-33.

Koch, S, "Behavior as "Intrinsically" Regulated: Work Notes toward a Pre-theory of Phenomena called "Motivational."  In M.R. Jones, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1956, 4, 42-86



Books

Edward Deci (1975), Intrinsic Motivation, Plenum Press, New York.
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_Ut-BgAAQBAJ

Contemporary Theories of Motivation

Basic introduction in one or two lines to each theory is given at the present.

1. Self-Determination Theory

It is based on cognitive evaluation theory.

Employees who feel what they do is within their control and a result of free choice are likely to be more motivated by their work.

2. Goal-Setting Theory

In the late 1960s, Edwin Locke proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation.

3. Self-Efficacy Theory

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. The higher your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

4. Reinforcement Theory

5. Equity Theory/Organizational Justice

6. Expectancy Theory