Vroom’s VIE model is built around the concepts of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.
Vroom’s model uses cognitive variables, variables which are used by persons in their thought process according to their perception or thinking of a situation. Vroom’s VIE model is built around the concepts of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.
Valence according to Vroom is the strength of an individual’s preference for a particular outcome. This comes out of the value of the outcome for the individual. Valence is the anticipated value of the outcome. The valence will be positive, when the person prefers attaining the outcome to not attaining it. When the person is indifferent, valence will be zero for an outcome.
Instrumentality is a concept that refers to action that will give rise to an outcome desired by a person. If a person wants to eat a particular dish, he has to cook it. Cooking is the instrumental act that a person has to do to eat the dish. In an organization context, the person has to do certain tasks adequately to get the salary which he desires.
Expectancy relates the tasks a person has to do to get the output of the instrumental act with successful outcome at the instrumental act level. Is he or she confident that they can cook the dish properly? Is the person confident that he can do the tasks properly and complete the work assigned to him to the satisfaction of the customer or superior and get the reward desired.
According to the model, the strength of motivation to perform a certain act will depend on the algebraic sum of the products of the valences for the outcomes times the expectancies.
They have to find out the rewards the persons under them want. They have to create a link between the business outputs and the personal rewards the employees strongly desires. Then they have to ensure that the employee has the basic capabilities to perform the tasks required to achieve the business outcomes or goals. They have to act as coaches to develop the employee.
References
Vroom, V.H., Work and Motivation, Wiley New York, 1964
Luthans, Fred, Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2005, 10th Edition
Contents of Vroom’s Book
Work and motivation
By Victor H. Vroom
Published by Wiley, 1964
331 pages
Contents
Introduction and Historical Perspective
3
law of effect, hedonism, industrial psychology
The Motivational Bases of Work
29
Reactive inhibition, valence, nomic
Occupational Choice
49
valence, self concept, need for achievement
The Determinants of Job Satisfaction
99
job satisfaction, equity theory, human relations movement
Job Satisfaction and Job Behavior
175
job satisfaction, International Harvester, negative relationship
The Role of Motivation in Work Performance
191
level of performance, levels of motivation, motivation
Some Motivational Determinants of Effective
211
social facilitation, overlearned, level of performance
Concluding Observations on Method and Theory
271
monotonically increasing, psychologist
Bibliography
289
Psychology, Ohio State University, social facilitation
Index
317
Heron, Harlow, Sears
Recent Print by Wiley
Work and Motivation
By Victor H. Vroom
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 1994
ISBN 0787900303, 9780787900304
397 pages
Web References
http://faculty.css.edu/dswenson/web/OB/VIEtheory.html
Model
Vroom’s model uses cognitive variables, variables which are used by persons in their thought process according to their perception or thinking of a situation. Vroom’s VIE model is built around the concepts of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.
Valence according to Vroom is the strength of an individual’s preference for a particular outcome. This comes out of the value of the outcome for the individual. Valence is the anticipated value of the outcome. The valence will be positive, when the person prefers attaining the outcome to not attaining it. When the person is indifferent, valence will be zero for an outcome.
Instrumentality is a concept that refers to action that will give rise to an outcome desired by a person. If a person wants to eat a particular dish, he has to cook it. Cooking is the instrumental act that a person has to do to eat the dish. In an organization context, the person has to do certain tasks adequately to get the salary which he desires.
Expectancy relates the tasks a person has to do to get the output of the instrumental act with successful outcome at the instrumental act level. Is he or she confident that they can cook the dish properly? Is the person confident that he can do the tasks properly and complete the work assigned to him to the satisfaction of the customer or superior and get the reward desired.
According to the model, the strength of motivation to perform a certain act will depend on the algebraic sum of the products of the valences for the outcomes times the expectancies.
How managers can use this model?
They have to find out the rewards the persons under them want. They have to create a link between the business outputs and the personal rewards the employees strongly desires. Then they have to ensure that the employee has the basic capabilities to perform the tasks required to achieve the business outcomes or goals. They have to act as coaches to develop the employee.
References
Vroom, V.H., Work and Motivation, Wiley New York, 1964
Luthans, Fred, Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2005, 10th Edition
Contents of Vroom’s Book
Work and motivation
By Victor H. Vroom
Published by Wiley, 1964
331 pages
Contents
Introduction and Historical Perspective
3
law of effect, hedonism, industrial psychology
The Motivational Bases of Work
29
Reactive inhibition, valence, nomic
Occupational Choice
49
valence, self concept, need for achievement
The Determinants of Job Satisfaction
99
job satisfaction, equity theory, human relations movement
Job Satisfaction and Job Behavior
175
job satisfaction, International Harvester, negative relationship
The Role of Motivation in Work Performance
191
level of performance, levels of motivation, motivation
Some Motivational Determinants of Effective
211
social facilitation, overlearned, level of performance
Concluding Observations on Method and Theory
271
monotonically increasing, psychologist
Bibliography
289
Psychology, Ohio State University, social facilitation
Index
317
Heron, Harlow, Sears
Recent Print by Wiley
Work and Motivation
By Victor H. Vroom
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 1994
ISBN 0787900303, 9780787900304
397 pages
Web References
http://faculty.css.edu/dswenson/web/OB/VIEtheory.html
Work and Motivation
Victor H. Vroom
Wiley, 15 Jan 1964 - Psychology - 331 pages
Why do people choose the careers they do? What factors cause people to be satisfied with their work? No single work did more to make concepts like motive, goal incentive, and attitude part of the workplace vocabulary.
This landmark work, originally published in 1964, integrates the work of hundreds of researchers in individual workplace behavior to explain choice of work, job satisfaction, and job performance. Includes an extensive new introduction that highlights and updates his model for current organization behavior educators and students, as well as professionals who must extract the highest levels of productivity from today's downsized workforces.
http://books.google.com/books?id=kexEAAAAIAAJ&q
http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1985/A1985AKX9100001.pdf
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